以残疾人为中心的优势评估与社工介入模式探讨——以广州市某康复学校脑瘫儿童为例

文章采用优势视角的理论模式,探讨了在社会工作实务领域发现、评估、发展残疾人优势的可能性和基本技术。在实践层面,研究者以广州市某康复学校脑瘫儿童为研究对象,采用参与式观察和深度访谈的方法,对残疾人群的优势资源进行评估,并详细设计了社会工作者介入的个案、小组等具体方案。     

Independent evaluation of the Triple P Positive Parenting Program in family support service settings

The Triple P Positive Parenting Program is a multilevel system of behaviour‐based parenting training and support. The aim of this study was to determine whether implementation of levels 2 and 3 of the Triple P system, designed for primary care settings, enhances parent, child and family outcomes compared with services‐as‐usual in Alberta, Canada. The study employed a quasi‐experimental, single‐blind and post‐test‐only design. A survey incorporating outcome measures was administered to a sample of 1296 parent‐clients. A total of 923 parents responded, including 172 parents who had received a Triple P (level 2 and/or 3) intervention during the previous 12 weeks. A significant interaction was found between participation in a group‐based parent education programme and receipt of Triple P. Parents who participated in a group‐based parent education programme, and who received a Triple P intervention reported somewhat higher levels of need satisfaction than parents who participated in a group‐based parent education programme but who did not receive a Triple P intervention. No significant difference was found between Triple P and service‐as‐usual groups on any secondary outcome measures including parenting stress, positive interaction, family functioning and child problem behaviours.     

市场优先原则在知识产权领域中的应用

市场优先原则是一种处理市场力量与国家干预关系的原则。在这一原则的指导下,国家对于经济活动的干预应当具有谦抑性。国家干预应当以市场失灵为界限和尺度。知识产权制度是一种由国家权力建构的特殊财产权。在知识产权制度的设计过程中,应当以市场优先原则为指导,以便于知识产品的市场交易为原则界定知识产权。在知识产权的行使中,应在最大程度上依靠市场的力量进行知识产权的权利分配。对于知识产权的限制,应当与市场失灵的规模与原因相适应。当国家力量干预知识产权的市场交易时,应基于更有效的判断。     

Contextualizing case reviews: A methodology for developing systemic safeguarding practices

This paper introduces a systemic methodology for reviewing professional responses to abuse between young people. The approach, “contextual case reviewing,” draws upon constructivist structuralism to assess the extent to which safeguarding practices engage with the social and public contexts of abuse. The paper conceptually compares the methodologies of contextual case review and other serious case review methods before drawing upon findings from 2 studies, which used the contextual case review methodology to explore the extrafamilial nature of peer‐on‐peer abuse and the ability of child protection practices to engage with this dynamic. Thematic findings from these studies regarding the practical interpretation of “significant harm” and “capacity to safeguard,” as well as their use within child protection assessments, are used to challenge conclusions of other case reviews, which imply that child protection procedures are sufficient for safeguarding young people. Contextual case reviews suggest that safeguarding practices, and the legislation that underpins them, are culturally, procedurally, and organisationally wedded to the context of the home, whereas insufficiently engaged with extrafamilial contexts of significant harm. The application of these issues require interrogation if social work systems are to provide sufficient mechanisms for safeguarding young people and families at risk of significant harm.     

美国干涉南海问题的政策趋势

伴随美国全球外交战略的调整,奥巴马政府强势介入南海问题,使南海争端的复杂化和国际化几成定势。美国南海政策与其亚太政策的目标一致,在于加强其对该地区安全事务的领导权和预防地区大国崛起的挑战。本文从中美互动、美国与东盟互动以及中国与东盟互动的三个视角,对最近几轮（特别是2011年夏季以来的新一轮）南海争端进行再观察,厘清美国逐步积极、深入介入南海问题的政策转型轨迹,及今后将长期对我解决南海争端进行干预的政策趋势。同时指出,南海问题的实质是美国的霸权边际与中国影响力扩展的必然碰撞,中国需用有战略高度的新思维应对之。     

政府双重干预下基于渠道商价格欺诈的农产品交易演化博弈模型

个体小规模、分散式的生产方式以及信息不对称的经营环境,导致了我国农户在农产品供应体系中的弱势地位,政府通常采用保护价收购和价格补贴等行政干预手段保护农民利益。论文构建了信息不对称条件下,考虑渠道商价格欺诈的农户、渠道商以及政府的三方演化博弈模型,分析了政府“惩罚”+“保护价收购”双重干预下的博弈演化过程及稳定策略,探讨了政府监管的边界问题,并应用实例进行了验证。研究结果表明：政府监管的概率与选择“欺诈”策略的渠道商规模和选择“销售”策略的农户规模相关;渠道商选择“欺诈”策略的概率随农产品交易规模的增大而提高,随罚金额度的增加而下降;政府的保护价收购政策不一定能保证积极的效果,不合理的折价系数可能破坏现有的市场秩序。说明了合理、适度的市场监管对于维护农产品交易市场秩序具有重要意义。     

儿童监护事务的国家干预标准--以儿童最大利益原则为基础

儿童最大利益原则下监护事务的国家干预以司法干预为核心,发展方向从最小干预走向扩大干预,并趋于采用多元化的干预方式。司法干预的过程涉及到科学的评估,最大利益有以父母角度或者儿童角度考察者,而列清单的模式基于对相关构成要素与干扰要素的深入分析,对本原则进行司法化具有无可替代的优越性。以监护资格剥夺第一案为例,探讨儿童最大利益原则的司法适用问题,提出既需要遵守当前立法,也需要合理运用法官的自由裁量权。     

The Effect of Graduate School on Identity Issues

Abstract

Objectives: To provide a critical review of the efficacy of brief interventions for alcohol use in college health centers. Methods: Studies were included if (a) they examined brief intervention trials that were conducted in college- or university-based student health centers or emergency departments, and (b) they provided pre–post data to estimate change. Results: Twelve studies suggested that screening and brief interventions in these settings are acceptable, feasible, and promote risk reduction. Conclusions: Findings support continued use of time-limited, single-session interventions with motivational interviewing and feedback components.     

On Doing Research in a Clinical Setting

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a stand-alone personalized normative feedback (PNF) intervention targeting misperceptions of gambling among college students. Participants: Undergraduates (N = 136; 55% male) who reported gambling in the past 30 days were recruited between September 2011 and March 2012. Methods: Using a randomized clinical trial design, participants were assigned to receive either PNF or an attention control task. In addition to self-report, this study used 2 computer-based risk tasks framed as “gambling opportunities” to assess cognitive and behavioral change at 1 week post intervention. Results: After 1 week, participants receiving PNF showed a marked decrease in perception of other students’ gambling, and evinced lower risk-taking performance on 2 analog measures of gambling. Conclusions: Changes in both self-reported perceived norms and analog gambling behavior suggest that a single, stand-alone PNF intervention may modify gambling among college students. Whether it can impact gambling outside of the laboratory remains untested.     

Brief Screening and Intervention for Alcohol and Drug Use in a College Student Health Clinic: Feasibility,Implementation, and Outcomes

Abstract

Objective: Evaluation of the Brief Alcohol Screen and Intervention in College Students (BASICS) in a university primary care setting. Participants/Methods: Undergraduates (N = 449) participated in BASICS and electronic surveys assessing frequency/quantity of alcohol and drug use, psychosocial and mental health outcomes, and demographic information. Data were collected at baseline and 6-month follow-up between August 2006 and August 2008. Results: Drinking and drug use decreased between baseline and 6 months. Participants reported an increase in protective factors and in readiness to change alcohol-related behaviors, and a decrease in alcohol-related consequences and in distress symptoms. Heavy episodic drinking at baseline significantly moderated the changes in number of drinks in a typical week and in a typical weekend, and number of drinks on the occasion drank most on a weekend. Conclusions: BASICS can be implemented in a primary health care setting and university students may reduce their alcohol and/or drug use.