论民族主义与《湘报》新闻思想的近代转型

民族主义是建立在“主权”观念基础上的民族自我意识和情感归属,旨在维护本民族权益、实现本民族和民族国家发展要求的思想观念或意识形态,其在实践中往往演化为建立和发展现代民族国家的社会运动。在民族主义话语中,作为“人民”的民众从历史“后台”向历史“舞台”前置,媒介作为国民的“养成所”,被置于民族救亡与国家建设的中心地位。在人民主权的民族主义话语中,《湘报》报人提出了“报为民史”的传媒属性观、“开启民智”的媒介功能观与“志士精神”的新闻伦理观,推动了湖南新闻思想的近代转型。《湘报》所建构的新闻思想,既接受了“民权”等现代价值观念,又具有儒教的道德激情,其对近代湖湘文化转型,产生了深刻影响。     

论个人信息财产权的独立性

关于个人信息财产权与人格权的关系,目前学界有"一元论"和"二元论"两种不同观点。个人信息财产权具有可转让性,与人格权的人身专属性有明显区别,应当独立确认个人信息财产权。个人信息财产权可以独立行使,形成"个人信息人格权-个人信息财产权-个人信息使用权"的权利层次,有利于保障个人信息商业利用行为中各权利人合法利益的实现。不同类型个人信息对人格的"外在性"意义不同,对个人信息财产权进行独立保护,有利于真正实现人格尊严保护与信息自由的价值平衡。因此,只有对个人信息财产权采取独立确认、独立行使、独立保护的二元模式,才能保障个人信息通过市场进行最有效率地配置,促进信息时代个人信息商业利用的有序进行。     

Supplementing a survey with respondent Twitter data to measure e-cigarette information exposure

ABSTRACT

Social media data are increasingly used by researchers to gain insights on individuals’ behaviors and opinions. Platforms like Twitter provide access to individuals’ postings, networks of friends and followers, and the content to which they are exposed. This article presents the methods and results of an exploratory study to supplement survey data with respondents’ Twitter postings, networks of Twitter friends and followers, and information to which they were exposed about e-cigarettes. Twitter use is important to consider in e-cigarette research and other topics influenced by online information sharing and exposure. Further, Twitter metadata provide direct measures of user’s friends and followers as opposed to survey self-reports. We find that Twitter metadata provide similar information to survey questions on Twitter network size without inducing recall error or other measurement issues. Using sentiment coding and machine learning methods, we find Twitter can elucidate on topics difficult to measure via surveys such as online expressed opinions and network composition. We present and discuss models predicting whether respondents’ tweet positively about e-cigarettes using survey and Twitter data, finding the combined data to provide broader measures than either source alone.     

Investigating Differences in How the News Media Views Homosexuality Across Nations: An Analysis of the United States,South Africa,and Uganda

While there is a wealth of information about the extent to which people across the world disapprove of homosexuality, we know a lot less about the lenses through which they view same‐sex relations. The aim of this study is to understand better how homosexuality is framed in the public press, and how religion and economic development may combine to shape this discourse. Through an analysis of almost 400 newspaper articles, this study compares how homosexuality is framed in Uganda, South Africa, and the United States. Because these nations have high levels of religious belief, but differ in their level of economic development and democracy, we can assess how these factors interact to shape portrayals. Drawing on work from cultural sociology and the sociology of religion, this study shows that the United States is much more likely than Uganda to frame homosexuality as a civil rights issue and use entertainers as claimsmakers. Conversely, articles from Uganda are more likely than those from the United States or South Africa to frame homosexuality as a religious issue and draw on religious claimsmakers. Likewise, Uganda is much more likely than South Africa to discuss homosexuality in the context of Western influences.     

Social media engagement with organization-generated content: Role of visuals in enhancing public engagement with organizations on Facebook and Instagram

The ubiquity of social media platforms that increasingly foreground visuals over text has led to a rise in organization-generated visual content. This study addresses an underexamined question about this phenomenon: which characteristics of organization-generated visual content are associated with higher levels of public engagement in social media? Engagement is conceptualized as indicators of first level engagement such as likes and comments that represent affiliation with and support for the organization. Employing a visual social semiotic framework, a randomly selected sample of visuals posted on Instagram and Facebook by four leading airport brands in 2019 (N = 400) was coded for representational, interactive, and compositional meanings. Findings revealed that across platforms narrativity of images, and interactive features of distance and point of view enhanced engagement, while the compositional feature of framing increased engagement on Instagram. Implications of the findings for effective organization-generated visual content on social media are discussed.     

Deny or bolster? A comparative study of crisis communication strategies between Trump and Cuomo in COVID-19

This study applied the situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) in political crisis communication amidst the COVID-19 outbreak, a “sticky crisis” that is longitudinal and politicized, thereby involving multiple challenges and complexities. Considering the critical role of Twitter in the information transmissions during the ongoing pandemic, this study considered politicians’ tweets as a proxy to access their crisis communication strategies and conducted a systematic content analysis to critically evaluate COVID-19 crisis communication strategies of two politicians, Trump and Cuomo, according to their perceived day-to-day circumstances during COVID-19. Three strategies categorized by SCCT, deny, diminish, and bolstering, surfaced with significance for both Trump and Cuomo. A new strategy specific to the political context, cohesion, was also identified. In addition, significant differentiation was observed in the strategic narratives between Trump and Cuomo, which reveals the evolving political dynamics in disease representation and crisis messaging. For example, Trump emphasized social exclusion and accusations of Democrats whilst Cuomo stressed care for vulnerable and minority groups and compassion delivery. Moreover, deny strategy, especially accusing other races, significantly boosted audience engagement for Trump. The results are discussed in relation to the idiosyncrasy of the complex COVID-19 pandemic and crisis communication in the political realm. Our findings demonstrate practical implications including online crisis messaging recommendations that foster public trust during politicized and polarized health emergencies and cultivate grounds for information exchange beyond partisan barriers.     

Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate justice

Existing literature on climate change as an issue of environmental justice documents the heightened vulnerability of people with disabilities to the effects of climate change. Additionally, there are numerous studies showing that access to information is a prerequisite for perceiving risk and taking action. Building on this work, our review seeks to understand how physical disability relates to perceptions of climate-related risk and adaptations to climate-related events. We introduce a critical realist model of climate justice to understand the relationships between the environmental features that disable, risk perception and information seeking, and adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change. In understanding the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of people with disabilities to climate change, this review synthesizes research on one of the U.S.’s largest minority communities with the goals of better understanding how vulnerable populations cope with climate change and integrating them into climate action and policy.     

关于纳西族东巴文字信息处理的设想

关于纳西东巴文字信息处理的设想建立在东巴文字电脑检索系统开发的基础之上。东巴文字的信息处理将在建立相关的资料档案库和研究资料目录的同时,通过电脑设立以下检索内容:一、东巴文字的形、音、义检索。包括单个东巴文字字形及其出现地域的描写;东巴文字各个单字语音的准确描写;东巴文字字形表义情况特别是假借、义借和异体等的描写。二、东巴文字字素描写。字素描写可以达到对东巴文字字素分类别分层次的统计;并对东巴文字字素取象发生系统进行描写;还可包括与之相关古文字字素的对照描写。此外还将适当补充东巴文字所处文辞的描写以及纳西族的哥巴文和玛丽玛萨文情况的描写等。检索内容的建立,有望为东巴文字的研究创立新的门径。     

信息革命与当代世界格局演变

当代信息技术以电子计算机为主体、网络为通道、数字化为灵魂,在短短的几十年时间里迅速渗透到世界经济、政治、军事、文化和社会生活的各个领域,催生了知识经济,酿成了震撼世界的信息革命。当代信息革命同以往科技革命掀起的阵阵经济发展浪潮一样,促进了世界各国经济的新发展和综合国力的新提升,奠定了当代国际战略力量结构的基石和大国实力对比关系,对当代世界格局的形成产生了巨大的影响。     

流氓软件问题的法律规制

规制流氓软件应该在确保网络用户合法权益得以保护与软件行业健康持续发展的基础上,以技术中立原则为指导。在民事立法上确立网络用户隐私权、个人信息财产权、私有虚拟空间财产权和信息自由制度;在程序法上实行举证责任倒置;行政法上制定反流氓软件的专门法律和个人信息安全法;并通过修改刑法使得除关系到国家、国防和尖端科技安全之外的其他计算机系统也能够确保安全。