诺思的产权理论探析

道格拉斯.诺思的产权理论是新制度经济学的重要构成部分,他认为产权制度是经济制度的基础制度,产权的交易可以改进资源的配置,一种能够提供个人刺激的有效的产权制度是经济增长的决定性因素。诺思的产权理论对我国经济增长有重要的借鉴意义。     

关于制度设计的思想论辩

以宪法法律为核心的规则体系是人类政治文明的重要成果.制度是"长成"的,还是"设计"的,是"自然"的,还是"人为"的?或者说何种因素更本位?本文梳理了历史上不同时空中的有代表性的思想家关于制度设计的典型见解.这些思想论辩,给今天社会完善制度理性、以审慎的科学态度进行制度设计,具有丰厚的借鉴意义.     

京津冀人口集聚对能源消费的影响

京津冀作为我国重要的人口集聚区,其区域发展面临严重的能源和环境问题。首先,基于STIRPAT模型构建京津冀面板数据模型,研究1990—2017年京津冀人口密度、经济增长、产业结构和环境规制对能源消费的影响。其次,采用SVAR模型通过脉冲响应函数和方差分解,研究京津冀人口密度变动对能源消费的作用机理和动态影响关系。结果显示,京津冀三地的人口密度、人均实际GDP与能源消费之间存在正向影响关系,其中河北省影响系数最大;北京和天津第三产业占比与能源消费之间存在反向影响关系,河北省第三产业占比对能源消费的影响不显著;北京和天津的环境规制对能源消费影响不显著,河北省环境规制对能源消费具有正向影响;京津冀地区和京冀两地人口密度变动对能源消费的影响在短期呈现负向效应,但是在中长期京津冀地区和三地人口密度变动对能源消费的影响均先上升然后缓慢下降,人口集聚具有集约用能效应。相对于能源消费自身影响而言,京津冀人口密度变动对能源消费的贡献相对较小,其影响效应有限。最后,对京津冀人口流动和能源消费一体化协同发展提出对策建议。     

信念、权威与制度选择——基于中国人民公社制度的思考

关于制度选择的决定因素及其选择机理的分析,以往的视角主要集中在技术结构、资源禀赋和文化方面,这种解释的最大缺陷是对人的作用重视不足。该文借助于中国“人民公社制度”选择的逻辑分析,构造了一个内生信念与权威的模型,系统论述了制度选择的机理。文章的观点是,任何一项制度的选择都是为了其特定的功能,制度选择的决定因素是个人信念和权威;个人信念经过主导集团的认可、加工与宣传,最终成为社会信念,以社会信念为基础的制度选择过程是不同利益集团的博弈过程。     

论转型期中国政府职能制度变迁的条件初探

制度变迁是人们追求自己利益的规则选择,这种机制的发生是需要一定条件的。用马克思主义的观点来分析,就是事物的发展是一个矛盾的过程,这些矛盾就构成了事物发展的条件（动力）。文章通过对政府职能制度变迁发生的条件的系统分析,进而对处于转型期中国政府职能的制度变迁的条件作了深刻的剖析,以期对中国政府职能的转变具有借鉴意义。     

节能指标分解模型探析——基于甘肃省的实证分析

国家“十一五”规划提出,到2010年万元产值能耗降低20％。这个宏伟目标的实现对于我国经济增长和降低能源消耗具有重要意义。基于单位GDP能耗影响因素的分析,采用组合赋权的理论,对各影响因素进行合理的赋权,并在权重系数的基础上建构了节能目标由省到地级市分解的理论模型。然后根据构建的模型,利用甘肃省的经济和能耗数据对该省节能20％的目标向各地区科学、合理分解进行了探析。     

Another economy: towards a cultural dialectics between energy and society

The looming oil crisis, pollution, and climate change have pushed governments, corporations, and individuals to think of new policies, new objects/products and new manners to market them – usually under the label of “green economy” (or the shifting towards a sustainable economy).

The changes that are on the way as a result of the envisaged “green revolution” need a broad vision that couples the economy of energetic techniques with the related socio-cultural economy that is induced by, and at the same time reciprocally influences, the mere technical transformations.

Based on previous analysis of theories of socio-technological change and putting at its center the concept of subjectivation in social sciences, this article proposes a theoretical understanding of cultural shifts and their relationship with changes in the practices of production, transfer and use of energy.

First part presents a schema of subjectivation in triangulation, that links the biological level with the material culture and with the representational realm of normativities in our society. It will be developed through the example of electric vehicle as metaphor of the energetic transition. Through this understanding, second part deals with the modeling of the three items as a processual energetic system by using the concepts of surplus and expenditure. Within this frame, we show how disruptions in one of the poles of this model influences the others and bring about changes in the entire Anthropo-Social level. Third part proposes possible types of emerging subjectivities and advances the idea of extending the realm of consciousness to the energetic transfers and their potentiality.     

Why are social sciences and humanities needed in the works of IPBES? A systematic review of the literature

Despite the increased attention, which has been given to the issue of involving knowledge and experts from the social sciences and humanities (SSH) into the products and works of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), little is known on what the expectations towards the involvement of SSH in IPBES actually are. The aim of this paper is to close this gap by identifying the range of possible SSH contributions to IPBES that are expected in the literature, and discuss the inherent challenges of and concrete ways to realize these contributions in the particular institutional setting of IPBES. We address these two points by: firstly, assessing the literature dealing with IPBES and building a typology describing the main ways in which contributions from SSH to IPBES have been conceived between 2006 and 2017. We discuss these expected contributions in light of broader debates on the role of SSH in nature conservation and analyse some of the blind spots and selectivities in the perception of how SSH could substantially contribute to the works of IPBES. Then, secondly, by looking at one particular example, economics and its use in the first thematic assessment on pollinators, pollination and food production, we will concretely illustrate how works in a given discipline could contribute in many different and unprecedented ways to the works of IPBES and help identify paths for enhancing the conservation of biodiversity. Finally, we propose a range of practical recommendations as to how to increase the contribution of SSH in the works of IPBES.     

Engaging Experts: Expanding Participation and Enhancing Research in Chinese Eldercare Institutions

Due to the myriad factors straining China’s traditional family-based eldercare system, today unprecedented numbers of older adults are turning to institutions for caregiving needs. As researchers and policy makers organize conferences, analyze trends, and allocate resources, the subjective experiences of elders themselves are often forgotten or ignored. While providers recognize that institutionalized elders are at an increased risk for mental health issues, most cite personnel and resource shortages as insurmountable barriers to provision. Using examples from ethnographic research in Chinese eldercare institutions, this article examines the link between participation and mental health for contemporary Chinese elders and makes a case for expanding the role of elders in research in order to improve both the experience and understanding of institutional eldercare.