Psychometric properties of the “parent-child relationship inventory” (PCRI) in a portuguese forensic sample

In Portugal, there is a gap regarding psychological tests validated for forensic contexts, particularly those related to child custody issues. The Parent–Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI) is one of the most used instruments in child custody contexts. This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of PCRI in a Portuguese forensic sample. PCRI factorial structure and psychometric properties were analyzed in a sample of 144 parents involved in child custody assessments. The questionnaire showed good internal consistency, except for the parental support, autonomy, and role orientation scales. It also showed good discriminant capacity. The confirmatory factor analysis did not replicate the 7-factor model proposed by Gerard. The results were discussed based on the use of PCRI in the context of child custody assessment.     

Performative family: homosexuality,marriage and intergenerational dynamics in China

Using in‐depth interview data on nominal marriages – legal marriages between a gay man and a lesbian to give the appearance of heterosexuality – this paper develops the concept of performative family to explain the processes through which parents and their adult children negotiate and resolve disagreements in relation to marriage decisions in post‐socialist China. We identify three mechanisms – network pressure, a revised discourse of filial piety and resource leverage – through which parents influence their gay offspring's decision to turn to nominal marriage. We also delineate six strategies, namely minimizing network participation, changing expectations, making partial concessions, drawing the line, delaying decisions and ending the marriage, by which gay people in nominal marriages attempt to meet parental expectations while simultaneously retaining a degree of autonomy. Through these interactions, we argue that Chinese parents and their gay adult children implicitly and explicitly collaborate to perform family, emphasizing the importance of formally meeting society's expectations about marriage rather than substantively yielding to its demands. We also argue that the performative family is a pragmatic response to the tension between the persistent centrality of family and marriage and the rising tide of individualism in post‐socialist China. We believe that our findings highlight the specific predicament of homosexual people. They also shed light on the more general dynamics of intergenerational negotiation because there is evidence that the mechanisms used by parents to exert influence may well be similar between gay and non‐gay people.     

Relationship Churning and Parenting Stress Among Mothers and Fathers

Researchers have documented the consequences of relationship instability for parenting stress but have given little attention to within‐partner relationship instability. In this study, the authors used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3,544) to estimate the association between within‐partner relationship instability (known as churning or on‐again/off‐again relationships) and parenting stress. First, they found that by the focal child's 5th birthday about 16% of biological parents experience churning. Second, compared to being stably together with or stably separated from the child's other parent, churning is associated with greater parenting stress for both mothers and fathers. Because parenting stress is the same or higher among churners compared to their counterparts who stably separate, this suggests that, more than a change in partner, relationship instability—whether within or across relationships—is tied to parenting stress.     

The Progression of Sexual Relationships

The authors examine factors associated with the advancement or dissolution of newly formed sexual relationships. Data from the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) was used to examine women and men aged 18–39 (n = 2,774) whose most recent sexual relationship began within the 12 months before their interview. Results indicate that newly formed sexual relationships are often transitory. By 12 months, only 23% of respondents remained in nonresidential sexual relationships, another 27% were cohabiting with that partner, and half had ended their relationships. Sexual relationships formed before age 25 are significantly more likely to break up than to transition into cohabitation. Indicators of social class disadvantage, such as living with a stepparent, expedited cohabitation, whereas measures of advantage, such as having a college‐educated mother, deterred transitions into shared living. Racial differences also emerge: Blacks were less likely than Whites to transition rapidly into shared living.     

Is High Sexual Desire a Risk for Women’s Relationship and Sexual Well-Being?

Historically, women’s sexual desire has been deemed socially problematic. The growing popularity of the concept of hypersexuality—which lists high sexual desire among its core components—poses a risk of re-pathologizing female sexual desire. Data from a 2014 online survey of 2,599 Croatian women aged 18–60 years was used to examine whether high sexual desire is detrimental to women’s relationship and sexual well-being. Based on the highest scores on an indicator of sexual desire, 178 women were classified in the high sexual desire (HSD) group; women who scored higher than one standard deviation above the Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory mean were categorized in the hypersexuality (HYP) group (n = 239). Fifty-seven women met the classification criteria for both groups (HYP&HSD). Compared to other groups, the HSD was the most sexually active group. Compared to controls, the HYP and HYP&HSD groups—but not the HSD group—reported significantly more negative consequences associated with their sexuality. Compared to the HYP group, women with HSD reported better sexual function, higher sexual satisfaction, and lower odds of negative behavioral consequences. The findings suggest that, at least among women, hypersexuality should not be conflated with high sexual desire and frequent sexual activity.     

论知识物化及其中的知识流

作为21世纪最为重要资源的知识,其作用发挥的的物化.因而研究企业内部知识如何物化、知识物化过程中知识沿节点链的流动以及各种知识流的相互关系,无疑具有重要的理论与现实意义.文章以轮胎的研发与生产为例,阐述了知识如何由普遍科学知识最终形成物化物的知识物化过程,揭示出知识物化过程中的三种知识流及它们之间的相互关系.     

董事会特征与盈余管理关系研究

近年一些上市公司会计信息严重失真,盈余管理现象十分严重。董事会作为公司治理机制的重要组成部分,无疑会对公司盈余管理产生很大的影响。文章从实证角度分析了董事会特征与盈余管理之间的关系,发现董事会规模和盈余管理的程度之间存在U型曲线关系;独立董事比例与盈余管理成反比,但t检验不具有显著性;董事会持股和审计委员会与盈余管理的大小都呈反比。根据以上结论进而提出了相应的政策建议。     

新疆疏勒县民族关系调查及比较研究

作者通过实地访淡与问卷调查相结合的方法,从认同问题、整合程度与影响民族关系的因素三个方面,对2008年新疆疏勒县的维汉关系进行了调查,并与王海霞、杨圣敏2004年在阿克苏地区库车县的民族关系调查进行了比较分析.调查结果显示,世纪之交新疆维汉关系确实处于良好状态,但评价民族关系的核心指标——通婚率极低,说明良好的趋势非常脆弱.当地居民对维汉通婚的态度较宽容,现实通婚状况与通婚态度的差异说明新时期民族团结工作需要实质性的新思路.     

南京临时政府时期的近代国家转型与民族关系之建构——以“五族共和”为中心

南京临时政府时期是中国近代国家转型与民族关系之建构的重要阶段,其基本情态就是"五族共和"。它是一个历史建构过程,包括思想文化领域与政治实践领域的双重认同与整合,同时也表明了中国近代国家转型与民族关系建构过程中的重要历史转折。由于阶级和时代的局限,"五族共和"在理论认识和具体实践中仍然存在严重的现实困境和诸多问题,中国近代国家转型与民族关系之建构仍然面临严重的危机和挑战。     

人民政协在利益协调机制中的独特地位和作用

人民政协是发扬社会主义民主的重要形式,这就决定了它在完善社会利益协调机制中具有重要的地位。作为中国上层建筑的重要组成部分,人民政协必须也可以适应经济基础的发展,在完善利益诉求表达机制、利益政策整合机制、利益观念引导机制、利益冲突化解机制、利益实现与保障机制中,发挥独特作用。