Toward Culturally Sensitive Financial Education Interventions with Latinos

ABSTACT

To expand the financial capability of Latinos, culturally sensitive interventions are needed. A literature search was conducted to examine how financial education interventions have been used to improve financial outcomes for Latinos. Just 7 peer-reviewed intervention studies were identified, suggesting a substantial gap in knowledge in this area. Although conclusions about the effectiveness of financial education interventions with Latinos are limited, each study finds positive changes in financial attitudes or behaviors. Using Resnicow’s (1999) cultural sensitivity framework, surface and deep structure methods of tailoring financial education were identified. Implications for designing and testing culturally sensitive financial education interventions are discussed.     

Secondary observer effects: idiosyncratic errors in small-N secondary data analysis

In this paper, I extend the concept of observer effect into the realm of country-level secondary data analysis. When analyzing what appear to be the same secondary data using the same methods, macro-comparative researchers arrive at different results. I argue that this is a product of idiosyncratic variation directly or indirectly produced by the researchers. Even when this bias produces only small perturbations in results, the consequences may be very large. Using an influential study by Brooks and Manza I analyze this secondary observer effect (SOE). Two seemingly identical replications of their data by different researchers produced surprising variations. Reanalysis of these divergent values produces similar but not identical results. A rough calculation of the size of the SOEs suggests that they are about .32 standardized standard deviations across variable scores. Simulations of this size of error show that significant changes in findings occur as a result.     

Two-sample inference procedures under nonproportional hazards

We introduce a new two-sample inference procedure to assess the relative performance of two groups over time. Our model-free method does not assume proportional hazards, making it suitable for scenarios where nonproportional hazards may exist. Our procedure includes a diagnostic tau plot to identify changes in hazard timing and a formal inference procedure. The tau-based measures we develop are clinically meaningful and provide interpretable estimands to summarize the treatment effect over time. Our proposed statistic is a U-statistic and exhibits a martingale structure, allowing us to construct confidence intervals and perform hypothesis testing. Our approach is robust with respect to the censoring distribution. We also demonstrate how our method can be applied for sensitivity analysis in scenarios with missing tail information due to insufficient follow-up. Without censoring, Kendall's tau estimator we propose reduces to the Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney statistic. We evaluate our method using simulations to compare its performance with the restricted mean survival time and log-rank statistics. We also apply our approach to data from several published oncology clinical trials where nonproportional hazards may exist.     

Between a ROC and a hard place: Teaching prevalence plots to understand real world biomarker performance in the clinic

The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the ROC curve are widely used in discovery to compare the performance of diagnostic and prognostic assays. The ROC curve has the advantage that it is independent of disease prevalence. However, in this note, we remind scientists and clinicians that the performance of an assay upon translation to the clinic is critically dependent upon that very same prevalence. Without an understanding of prevalence in the test population, even robust bioassays with excellent ROC characteristics may perform poorly in the clinic. While the exact prevalence in the target population is not always known, simple plots of candidate assay performance as a function of prevalence rate give a better understanding of the likely real‐world performance and a greater understanding of the likely impact of variation in that prevalence on translation to the clinic.     

Understanding immigrant internal publics of organizations: Immigrant professionals’ adaptation and identity development

ABSTRACT

Immigrant professionals (IPs) compose important internal publics in U.S. organizations. This study examined the processes of intercultural identity development through IPs’ stress, adaptation, and intercultural communication competence, as well as the outcomes of such identity development. Twenty-three interviews with Indian IPs in a major southern cosmopolitan area in the United States revealed three types of stressors: insufficiency in culture-specific knowledge and skills, ineffective expression, and imbalance in home and host social communication. Adaptation responses included active language and culture learning, perspective taking, compromising, ignoring, passive acceptance, and active initiating and participating in social interactions. Further, IPs demonstrated three major types of intercultural identities: integrated with both cultures, non-integrated (leaning more toward either home or host culture), and ambivalent (feeling rootless and uncertain about what culture to teach their children). In the context of intercultural identity development, the concepts of avowed and ascribed identities become even more nuanced. This study contributes to research in public relations by deepening the understanding of organizations’ immigrant internal publics and facilitating more effective relationship management with these publics.     

Developing a conceptual evaluation framework for gender equality interventions in research and innovation

In this article, we discuss the development of a conceptual evaluation framework to design and assess gender equality interventions and their effects in research and innovation. The conceptual framework presented herewith embraces the complexity, gender-sensitive and theory-based evaluation approaches ensuring that design and evaluation of gender equality interventions consider the complex systems that constitute the context in which the interventions operate. The evaluation framework offers a non-linear concept, where the notion of contribution - not attribution - to achieve impact is central to the integration of team, organizational and system factors in policy design and evaluation. The paper opens the “black box” to address the question of how and why a policy intervention works and in which context and discusses a systematic process on how to approach the interwoven linkages between input, implementation and effects in gender equality interventions in research and innovation, accounting for context sensitivity and methodological pluralism. The evaluation framework may serve as reference for researchers, evaluators, policymakers and other stakeholders in designing and assessing gender equality interventions, and in further developing their evidence, and theoretical and methodological base.     

外语教学跨文化教育的实践略论

随着全球经济一体化的日益凸显,文化的全球化也在一定程度上得到了促进,加速了文化的趋同现象。经济的一体化和文化的全球化必然会影响不同文化的继承和发展,使得语言和文化的多元化面临严重的危机和严峻的挑战。通过对我国外语教学中的跨文化教育实践进行简要论述,以强调跨文化教育的重要性。     

跨文化语言交流中的理解问题解析

跨文化语言交流是跨文化相遇中讲外语的人与讲母语的人或同为讲外语的人之间进行的交谈。在跨文化相遇中出现的理解问题包括听不懂和误解两种,这些情况的产生可以归因于语言、会话原则及文化等方面。从谈话双方着手对理解问题的产生进行了分析,介绍了双方解决理解问题采取的策略,提出了跨文化相遇中的理解是多层面的动态选择,谈话双方要在语言信息的表达和理解过程中作适当地选择才能避免理解问题的出现。     

文学翻译中的文化移情

移情就是想象自己处于他人的境地,理解其感情和欲望等.文化移情就是自觉转换文化立场,超越本土文化的框架模式,将自己置身于目的语文化模式中,感受、领悟和理解目的语文化.文章从移情的概念出发,结合文学作品的特点,论述了在文学翻译中采用文化移情方法的可行性和重要性,并提出培养跨文化意识和提高审美意识是实现移情的两种途径.     

中国公众隐私敏感度实证研究

基于隐私计算,在利益驱动下,对于多数隐私信息,中国公众隐私敏感度有所降低;基于隐私忧虑,即使存在利益诱惑,中国公众对某些隐私的敏感度反而有所提高。对无利益模式下隐私和有充分利益吸引力模式下的隐私认知进行对比分析,发现有12种敏感隐私,并将其他17种一般隐私划分为较为关注、一般关注和不关注3种。中国公众对通讯隐私、生活隐私和人身隐私敏感度较高,年龄、学历、性别对隐私敏感度产生影响。对于敏感隐私,采取严格的事先同意原则;对于一般隐私,采取选择退出原则。应该在隐私相关立法和自律规范上给予弱势群体柔性的人文关怀。