论检察机关作为环境公益诉讼原告的权力基础

虽然我国法律制度体系并没有相关规定,环境公益诉讼研究已经成为当今学界讨论的热点,其中,检察机关作为环境公益诉讼的适格性是争议焦点问题之一.不少学者基于检察机关的性质和任务以及我国的制度架构,认为检察机关不是提起环境公益诉讼的最佳主体.但是,从检察权的权力内涵、权力性质和功能预期上考察,它保护社会公益的属性为其提起环境公益诉讼形成了正当性基础.并且,检察机关作为原告提起环境公益诉讼,已经在陆续试点的环保法庭司法创新实践中得到肯定.     

发展幼儿的审美感知力

幼儿审美感知力的独特之处在于其初始性、直感性、差异性,我们必须以幼儿心理结构的发展为依据,注重对事物形式敏锐感知力的培养,并根据幼儿审美感官的特性,在实践的层面开辟综合运用的渠道,全面地培养幼儿感官的审美能力,为促进学龄前儿童审美能力的持续发展打下基础。     

论网络服务提供者的侦查协助义务

在网络犯罪案件的侦查过程中,网络服务提供者的协助对于侦查机关侦查工作的顺利完成起着不可替代的作用。从立法层面来看,我国已初步建立起旨在确立网络服务提供者提供侦查协助的制度框架;从操作层面来看,网络服务提供者也具备了提供侦查协助的现实基础。但在司法实践中,网络服务提供者提供侦查协助的积极性普遍较低。究其原因,主要有侦查协助范围不明确、与网络服务提供者信息保密义务冲突、缺乏对网络服务提供者的补偿和救济几个方面。当前可通过区别案件类型、明确协助范围、强化监督制约、构建救济与补偿机制四个方面入手,破解网络服务提供者的侦查协助困境。     

Does Stage of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Affect Female Sexual Functions? A Retrospective Study

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pelvic organ prolapse stage on sexual function in women. Methods: Prolapse stages, muscle strength, sexual function, and pelvic floor symptoms were assessed by Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification, by vaginal pressure measurement, by the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ-12), and the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20), respectively. Results: There was no difference between pelvic floor muscle strength, PISQ-12 subscales and PISQ-12 total scores based on prolapse stages (p > 0.05). When the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory and PFDI-20 scores of the women with stage 3/4 prolapse were compared with Stage 1 and Stage 2, there was a difference found between them (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Sexual function and muscular strength were not affected by prolapse stages.     

器官移植中的人身权问题探讨

器官移植对法律秩序尤其是人身权方面提出了挑战。我们应该在充分尊重人格权的前提下建立相关法律,并严格依法办事。某些器官如睾丸、卵巢移植导致的亲属法上的法律问题,应以传统的血缘、婚姻为基础确定其应享有的身份权,而不能仅从遗传基因方面考虑;从法律自身的价值意义出发,不应禁止脑组织移植,所带来的意识替代问题也是可以通过立法解决的。     

江苏地区器官捐献态度和意愿调查及对策分析

文章调查江苏民众对于器官捐献的态度?意愿及其影响因素,并针对性地提出器官捐献事业发展的建议?本次调查共发放问卷800份,回收761份,有效问卷742份,有效率92.8%?其中,42.2%愿意捐献,47.7%赞成但不愿意自身捐献,10.1%反对捐献?女性?高学历者?了解器官捐献?接受脑死亡概念的被调查者对器官捐献的认同度高?阻碍器官捐献事业发展的因素包括相关法律法规的不完善?公民对器官分配问题的不信任?相关机构宣传工作的不到位?有针对性的宣传工作将有助于提高器官捐献工作效率;完善相关的法律法规?建立健全公平的分配系统可以促进器官捐献事业的发展?     

检察机关环境公益诉讼原告资格探析——以诉权分析为视角

检察机关能否作为适格原告主体提起环境公益诉讼,一直是环境法学界争议的焦点,深究其因,检察机关特殊的法律地位和法定职能对环境公益诉讼的双重影响是检察机关原告主体适格问题的症结所在。无论是从检察机关的职权属性还是从检察机关的法律地位来看,检察机关介入环境公益诉讼,实属公权力的后盾式彰显,其诉讼主体资格源于公权力而非依据通常意义的诉讼权利（诉权）,赋予检察机关原告主体资格无明晰的理论来源。鉴于环境诉权是依附于环境权益的程序性权利,有必要从制度层面入手,对环境公益诉讼的原告主体范围予以严格的限制而非宽泛化,严格限制和检察机关参与环境公益诉讼的范围及权力,明确其作为公益诉讼人的角色和地位,以充分发挥公力救济的弥补作用。     

Organ Transplantation as a Family Issue: Living Liver Donors in Japan

The global criticism of organ trafficking and transplant tourism requires many countries to pursue legal protection of living organ donors for organ transplantation. Japan is one of the criticized countries: more than 26 000 people have become living organ donors. This paper presents an exploration of living liver transplantation in Japan from legal, social and ethical perspectives. Since the first living liver transplantation in 1989, the cases have increased, with extremely high dependency in spite of a few deaths and cases of severe disability. Government and professional guidelines stipulate that living donors be “relatives” so that living organ transplantation can be privatized and regarded as a family issue, although it is strictly limited to altruistic cases in some countries. Based on results of the Living Liver Donor Survey conducted in 2004, Japanese liver donors have had various experiences. Most male donors were employed, felt some obligation and had concerns about financial effects or employment during decision‐making. In contrast, only a quarter of female donors were employed, felt guilty for their children, and did not have opportunities for regular health checkups after donation. Severe tensions and family break‐up were observed in adult‐to‐adult cases, although donors were satisfied with donation overall. The author suggests that we should rethink privatization of living organ donation and that independent advocates should support potential donors. Further research is necessary to explore the reasons why organ donation is privatized even in some forms of cadaver cases in Japan.     

Freedom Works! The Vision and Broken Heart of Jack D. Douglas

It gives me particular pleasure to publish this review of a major but neglected figure in the recent history of symbolic interactionism. I only heard Jack Douglas speak once, when he gave a plenary address to the British Sociological Association annual conference in Lancaster in the mid‐1980s. The audience treated him quite disgracefully on that occasion. Douglas made two subtle points about the need for sociologists to take contemporary research in primate ethology more seriously and to reconsider spontaneous order theories in social science. His listeners assumed that he was talking about the crasser forms of sociobiology and praising the laissez‐faire ideologies of Thatcherism, and booed him off the stage. I declined to renew my membership to the BSA for about ten years after this episode. I only rejoined when I became a department chair and it was important to be engaged with the professional association, whatever my personal views. John Johnson's paper reminds us of Douglas's important and challenging legacy of ideas, and of the support and inspiration that he gave to a whole generation of outstanding scholars. Robert Dingwall Jack Douglas published 26 books and many articles between 1967 and 1989, and by his intellectual charisma influenced a productive cohort of young scholars who have produced over 70 books and 700 articles and chapters since the 1970s. He combined phenomenology, existentialism, and naturalistic field work to create an approach he termed Existential Sociology, also the title of a 1977 anthology. His thinking has undergone significant changes during the course of a long intellectual career. Following his 1992 retirement, the development of the internet and new technologies of communication afforded Jack a “second life” with a transdisciplinary intellectual community outside of the university environment. This paper briefly summarizes a small part of his life and intellectual project.     

权力制约视角下的苏联一般监督制度

一般监督制度源起于苏联,是苏联检察制度的核心组成部分,并被视为社会主义国家检察制度的标志。苏联没有采用西方＂三权分立＂的宪政体制,但同样需要解决国家权力的制衡问题,为了有效制约行政权,检察机关的一般监督制度应运而生;＂议行合一＂体制下,苏维埃将监督法律实施的权力授权给检察机关专门行使,对行政机关的监督则主要由一般监督制度承担;苏联高度重视法制在国家治理中的作用,苏联法制的实现不仅需要有完善的立法,而且还需要法制得到统一和正确实施,一般监督制度的主要作用就在于保障苏联行政法制得到实现。在当前探索检察权对行政权进行监督制约的背景下,有必要系统研究苏联的一般法律监督制度。