抗日战争时期谢觉哉的乡村民主政治思想

谢觉哉抗日战争时期的乡村民主政治思想主要有三方面的内容:民主政治的支柱在于广泛的乡村;各别群众都有自己的组织;民主就得有民意机关。谢觉哉乡村民主政治思想对当时共产党在边区的基层民主政权建设提供了重要的理论指导,对今天的村民民主自治建设也不无启迪和借鉴意义。     

生物医学法的几个重大理论问题

器官移植、基因治疗和人工生殖(人工辅助生育技术)是21世纪人类最激动人心的研究成果,必将极大地造福人类社会。器官移植最核心的问题在于脑死亡的标准以及供体受体的选择所带来的法律问题,我国还没有完整的器官移植专门立法,在制定规则的时候要考虑到伦理、道德等多方面的因素。基因治疗的法律规制一直都是薄弱环节,包含很多不安全的因素,刑法应当作为一种最后手段介入调控。人工生殖作为现代医学治疗不孕的重要手段,对传统自然生殖方式有重要补救作用。人工生殖在对传统伦理道德观念形成冲击的同时,也对现有法律制度提出挑战。对以上问题,我们既要防止过度商业化,也要注意科学研究中的规范。     

Eliciting Accounts of Alleged Child Sexual Abuse: How Do Children Report Touch?

Investigative interviewers frequently question alleged victims of child sexual abuse about any touching or bodily contact that might have occurred. In the present study of forensic interviews with 192 alleged sexual abuse victims, between 4 and 13 years of age, we examined the frequency with which alleged victims reported bodily contact as “touch” and the types of prompts associated with “touch” reports. Even young alleged victims of sexual abuse reported bodily contact as “touch,” and they used the word “touch” more frequently in response to recall than recognition prompts. Regardless of age, children typically referred to “touch” before interviewers used this term, suggesting that even young children are able to report “touch” without being cued by interviewers.     

Speaker abstracts

Purpose: There is no consensus on possible benefits and risks of testosterone supplementation. Here we review various controlled studies of testosterone supplementation in aging males.

Methods: We performed a PubMed search using the terms “testosterone/therapeutic use” with the limits “>65 years of age”, “randomized controlled clinical trials”, and “male gender”, starting in 1999.

Results: Forty-three articles have been published since 1999. Some of these studies also included patients in middle-age or younger. Findings reported in these articles were not entirely consistent. After weighting studies by the number of patients, hints are found that testosterone supplementation increases bone mass, lean body mass, muscle mass and hematopoiesis, and improves sexual functioning and perhaps mood, but does not affect serum lipids, cardiovascular parameters, prostate-specific antigen level, or cognition. Considering studies including only men older than 65 years, and in which testosterone supplements were compared with placebo treatment, slightly different results are obtained. In these patient groups, testosterone does not improve sexual function or mood.

Conclusion: The overall benefit of testosterone supplementation for the aging male remains unclear. Any supplementation in men with age-normal testosterone levels only on grounds of subjective symptoms is not advisable.     

老年人免疫系统改变的研究

随着年龄的增长,人的免疫功能发生了复杂的改变,主要表现为以免疫功能缺陷为主的改变,如胸腺萎缩、T细胞减少、B细胞产生抗体减弱等;其次是免疫异常增殖现象,如自身抗体的出现和sIL-2R、IL-6、sIL-6R升高等;这些改变导致免疫系统各种功能发生很大的改变,使老年人患感染性疾病、肿瘤和自身免疫疾病的患病率明显增高,严重危害老年人的身体健康。     

简论“新县制”下湖北的基层民意机关

国民政府20世纪40年代实行的新县制标榜地方自治、还治于民,并且成立从县到乡镇保甲以及各户的各级民意机关,和行政上相配合,力图加强对基层的控制并获得民众的支持。湖北省也依照政府规定颁布了一系列的法规并成立了各级民意机关,但是各级民意机关在实际运行中存在很多问题,无论是议员选举还是议案以及民众意见的反映都未能达到其最初的目的,反而成为部分土豪劣绅为自身谋利益的合法机关。国民政府设置基层民意机关辅助地方自治的目的几乎没有实现,根本原因是国民政府的专制统治。     

论蔡和森的党报思想

蔡和森作为中国共产党党报的倡办者和《向导》周报的首任主编,非常重视党报的舆论宣传功能;较早提出党报党管和党报的独立自主原则;对党报的出版、发行进行了一系列有意义的探索;认为党报工作者应当具备良好党性修养和业务素质。     

关于淮海战役总前委的几个问题——兼与洪小夏、刘俊平同志商榷

向《淮海战役总前委辨析》一文的作者讨教和商榷文中的主要观点。论证中央军委成立淮海战役总前委的必要性和重要性;说明淮海战役总前委人员的构成及相互关系;阐明总前委在战役中作出的重要贡献,及其作为淮海战役指挥机关的历史功绩。     

浅谈语音变异的影响因素

语言变异是语言发展的需要,也是语言发展的必然,语音演变是语言演变的一个重要方面,语音变化原因的探讨是语言学中最困难的问题之一。影响语音变异的因素有语言系统的内因,也有外因。内因主要是语言结构、发音生理;外因有语言接触、语言态度等等。     

论检察机关启动我国行政公益诉讼程序

现行行政诉讼法启动我国行政公益诉讼程序的"天然"缺陷,导致"事不关己"的我国行政公益诉讼无一例外地陷入困境,亟需在立法上构建与之相应的制度。三种行政公益诉讼启动程序各有利弊,而三元式启动程序最佳,必须在坚持三元式启动程序的前提下,在现行行政诉讼制度中设置三种机制,以完善检察机关启动我国行政公益诉讼程序。