论我国律师惩戒制度的完善

我国目前对律师的监管实行司法行政机关与律师协会的“两结合”模式,在这个模式下完善律师惩戒制度,需要对司法行政机关与律师协会进行职能定位,合理划分惩戒权限;设立律师协会惩戒机构,分设立案调查室与律师纪律庭,赋予相应的职能;完善律师惩戒的立案、调查、听证、审理、复查程序,保障当事人的程序性权利;建立司法最终救济机制,对律师惩戒进行合法和合理性的审查。     

司法独立形态考

司法独立是法治社会的基本要求,是实现司法公正、走向社会正义的重要途径和保证。它与法律运行的特点、方式,以及法律规范调节社会关系所形成的结果有关。司法独立的实现,需要具备某些前提条件和必要的制度环境。司法独立作为一项法治原则,具有某种局限性。司法独立是引导和保障司法公正的途径和手段。实现司法独立是我国司法改革的一个重要目标,但不是司法改革的全部内容。     

基于价值理念对社会政策项目的讨论和评估——由退休人员医保缴费的论争说起

社会政策讨论和政策制定活动都是由价值和理念所支撑的,因此,这些讨论不能仅仅停留在对策分析层面,更应从价值理念的层面展开。从社会公平、社会公正、社会正义三个价值理念出发对退休人员继续缴纳医保费用这一政策提议展开讨论,说明退休人员缴纳医保费用这一提议既有违公平、公正原则,又与社会发展大势背道而驰,且无益于解决医保费用缺口问题。由此,通过对于这一政策的价值分析,强调价值理念在社会政策分析中所具有的功用,从而拓展社会政策研究的价值维度。     

中国民间法研究学术报告(2007年)

2007年是中国民间法研究稳步发展的一年.学术界通过对民间法的本体研究、民间法与国家法的关系研究、各类民间法研究、民间法的司法运用研究,促进了中国民间法研究的发展.从总体上看,中国民间法研究正呈现出两种研究路向:一是走向日常生活的民间法研究,另一是深入司法实践的民间法研究.而在今后的研究中,应加强民间法研究的自觉性学术建设、民间法的个案研究与整体考量的协调、各类民间法研究的平衡发展、民间法司法运用的制度与机制建设.     

论法官中立——以民事诉讼为视角

中立是裁判的生命，法官中立是审判权的本质要求，它主要是对法官品行的要求，但同时也是对法官能力的要求，常常与程序公正划上等号，是程序公正实现过程中最基本也是最重要的因素。本文提倡构建的法官积极中立，是相对的中立，是旨在既实现程序正义又保障实质公正的中立，针对我国具体情况，本文提出应当将法官中立纳入我国民事诉讼基本原则体系中，并在此基础上修改和完善相应民事诉讼制度。     

略论英、美法官文化及其启示

在英美法系国家司法制度中，基于悠久的历史文化传统，对法官的知识结构、思维方式，甚至对充任法官者的年龄、资历、性格以及法庭仪式、法官装束等都达成了诸多共识，形成了独具一格的法官文化。这对于保证法官独立、司法公正、公众对司法判决的服从乃至对法律产生信仰都起了不可或缺的作用。     

民事再审程序的法理审视

2007年10月28日,中国最高立法机关表决通过了《全国人大常委会关于修改民事诉讼法的决定(草案)》。其中对再审程序进行的一系列重大修改,可以极大地改变民事诉讼法修改前由于民事再审程序的滥用而造成的裁判效力不稳定的弊病,增强民事判决的稳定性和权威性,体现了立法者以维护生效裁判权威、监督纠正裁判不公与保护人民群众合法权益为宗旨,努力在判决的既判力和个案公正、实体公正与程序公正、诉讼公正和诉讼效率之间进行平衡的司法理念。为保障和方便当事人依法行使诉讼权利,保证诉讼公正,树立和维护司法权威提供了更加有利的法律保障。     

公平正义的法治实现

法治原则是构建社会主义和谐社会的基本原则,在法治原则下实现公平正义是构建社会主义和谐社会的基本要求.公平正义的宪法、立法、司法和执法实现路径构成了和谐社会建设的独特法治景观.     

On the Relation Between Trust and Fairness in Environmental Risk Management

In this study, we empirically examine the relations between trust, fairness, and cooperation within two environmental risk management contexts, one in which the focal issue is of high personal moral importance and the other in which the focal issue is of low moral importance. Using an experimental design embedded in two parallel survey questionnaires, one mailed to residents of Washington State, the other to German‐speaking residents of Switzerland, we either manipulated or constructed three factors, issue importance (high/low), procedural fairness (fair/unfair), and policy outcome (risk averse/risk accepting). This design enabled us to compare the predictions of the standard account of procedural fairness, that trust and cooperation are determined by judgments of fairness, with the predictions of an alternative account, that trust and cooperation will be determined by judgments of procedural fairness only when the issue involved is not morally important. Results for the American case showed that under conditions of high issue importance, policy outcome affected judged fairness, trust, and cooperation. Under conditions of low issue importance, policy outcome had no effect on judged fairness or trust but did have a moderate impact on cooperation. Analyses also showed that when issue importance was high, procedural fairness had no effects. When issue importance was low, procedural fairness had moderate effects on judged fairness and trust. Results for the Swiss case replicated the main findings for the American case. Together, these results support the alternative model of the relation between trust and fairness, suggesting that the efficacy of fair procedures is strictly limited.     

Risky Business: Perceived Behavior of Local Scientists and Community Support for Their Research

Attracting new technologies to a region can mean significant economic growth, so understanding why some communities may not favor becoming “the next Silicon Valley” merits consideration. This study investigates the relationship among the perceived behavior of local scientists and community members' attitudes toward their research. Drawing on theories from organizational justice, it hypothesizes that when local residents consider scientists as more just in their behavior, they will also have more favorable attitudes toward the scientists and their research. Just, in this sense, refers to whether scientists are perceived as fair in terms of outcomes, procedures, interpersonal treatment, and explanations in their dealings with the community. Favorable attitudes are measured in terms of concern about new technologies and satisfaction with research. Data were collected via a mail survey of residents in two upstate New York counties (N= 1,306) that host substantial technology research facilities. Controlling for demographics, media use, basic science knowledge, and technology awareness, the results show that distributive justice (i.e., fairness of outcomes) had a consistent, negative relationship with technology concern. In comparison, all four justice variables were positively related with research satisfaction. The findings suggest that the perceived behavior of local scientists may indeed impact community support for their research.