Task partitioning in new product development teams: A knowledge and learning perspective

R&D alliances and outsourcing elements of the new product development process are now commonplace practices among many firms. However, little previous work has examined how these organizational choices influence project knowledge and learning. Based on a comparison of three new product development projects in the software industry, this paper examines how task partitioning in the project influences learning and knowledge development within the firm. The paper suggests that internal development projects encourage synthetic learning and development of architectural and tacit knowledge; in contrast, outsourcing and joint ventures encourage analytic learning and development of component and explicit knowledge.     

基于知识的组织结构模型

本文在分析企业组织结构发展历程的基础上,深入研究了知识与组织之间的内在联系,提出了一种基于知识并面向任务的三维立体组织结构,以智能化的模型分析方法为现代制造企业经营业务过程分析与企业重组提供先进的组织管理模式,对提高企业组织系统的核心竞争能力将发挥积极的促进作用。     

基于本体系统的知识管理人工智能研究

分析了知识管理中的信息组织难题和群体过程非结构化特性的本质意义. 介绍了用于解 决人工智能中非结构化问题的本体系统方法. 并通过支持群体交互知识管理的电子公共大脑 本体系统设计的案例,对本体系统方法的概念、构成和应用方法作了具有典型意义的示例性 介绍.     

Forest Fire Risk Management and Public Participation in Changing Socioenvironmental Conditions: A Case Study in a Mediterranean Region

Under current conditions of accelerated socioenvironmental change in the Mediterranean forested landscapes, fire is one of the most critical and difficult risks to tackle within the region. This article summarizes the lessons learned from a project based on the participatory integration of qualitative local stakeholders' knowledge with expert GIS fire simulations carried out in the County of El Bages, Catalonia, Spain. First, in this article, a theoretical model--the forest fire circle--is presented in order to explain the reasons for the rise in the damage and frequency of forest fires in this Mediterranean area. Second, it describes the methodology developed and the stages followed during the project. Results show that: (1) the advocacy of old forest reactive management paradigm assumptions and practices based on uncontrolled forest succession can put vast wooded areas of the Mediterranean basin at critical risk; and (2) forest fire management approaches that ignore the crucial role of long-term prevention and local capacity building strategies have failed. In the final section, the content and the specific dimensions of the old reactive paradigm that has characterized forest fire risk management in Catalonia are discussed and contrasted with the possibly emerging preventative paradigm.     

Performance measurement with classification information: an enhanced additive DEA model

This paper presents an improved measurement tool for evaluating performance of branches within a major Canadian bank. While there have been numerous previous studies of performance in the banking industry, particularly at the branch level, this study is different in a very significant way: specifically two kinds of data are used to develop the model. The first type of data is that related to standard transactions, available from any bank; such have formed the basis of numerous previous studies. The second type of data, obtained from the site studied, is classification information, based on branch consultant/expert judgment as to good and poor performance of branches. The purpose herein is to present a modified version of an existing benchmarking model, data envelopment analysis (DEA), and to show how this tool is applied in the banking industry. The mechanism used herein to incorporate expert knowledge within the DEA framework is to first apply a discriminant or classification tool, to quantify the functional relation that best captures the expert's mental model for performance. The outcome of this first phase is an orientation of variables to aid in the definition of inputs and outputs. The resulting orientation then defines the DEA model that makes up the second phase of the model.     

Optimization Model and Algorithm for Crew Management During Airline Irregular Operations

Airline irregular operations have long been a realm where human experience and judgement are the most important tools to utilize. Crew management during irregular operations is usually the bottleneck of the whole system-recovering process due to complicated crew schedules and restrictive crew legalities as well as the size and scope of the hub-and-spoke networks adopted by major carriers. A system-wide multi-commodity integer network flow model and a heuristic search algorithm for the above purpose are presented and discussed in this paper. The computational experiences show that the algorithm is efficient enough to solve problems of realistic size and also has the flexibility to accommodate practical business requirements.     

产业集群参与者交互偏好与知识网络演化:模型与仿真

知识网络是产业集群网络演化的重要组成部分和先决条件,本文将产业集群中参与者进行交互的偏好分为任务导向型和知识导向型,建立了一个基于多智能主体的产业集群知识网络模型,利用Blanche软件实现了知识网络演化模型的仿真计算,通过仿真研究了任务导向型和知识导向型知识网络的对网络演化的不同影响.最后,本文提出了研究的局限性和下一步研究的方向.     

基础研究学科发展的宏观知识挖掘

本文提出了一种学科发展分析的宏观知识挖掘思路和方法.从整体上、宏观上对蕴含于基础研究项目建议书(Proposal)中的知识进行挖掘,并在挖掘的基础之上对基础研究的学科发展趋势、特点,学科领域的分化、融合以及交叉等进行分析,并从学科整体、学科领域和项目等三个层面对基础研究的科研管理工作提供基于知识的决策支持.     

对学习历史事件法的一种改进

依据组织学习理论,对学习历史事件法进行了改进。由于企业的经验知识不完全等同于隐性知识,学习历史事件法同样不能直接应用于隐性知识的转化,为此,提出了适合隐性知识转化的改进型学习历史事件法。改进充分考虑了隐性知识的特征,并专门对隐性知识和经验知识进行了区分。同时,改进的学习历史事件法充分考虑了企业应用的可操作性,保留了量表的形式。最后,将该方法应用于MIS项目开发中,对新改进的量表进行了定量解析。     

Inverse Combinatorial Optimization: A Survey on Problems, Methods, and Results

Given a (combinatorial) optimization problem and a feasible solution to it, the corresponding inverse optimization problem is to find a minimal adjustment of the cost function such that the given solution becomes optimum.Several such problems have been studied in the last twelve years. After formalizing the notion of an inverse problem and its variants, we present various methods for solving them. Then we discuss the problems considered in the literature and the results that have been obtained. Finally, we formulate some open problems.