Proportional reversed hazard rate model and its applications

The purpose of this paper is to study the structure and properties of the proportional reversed hazard rate model (PRHRM) in contrast to the celebrated proportional hazard model (PHM). The monotonicity of the hazard rate and the reversed hazard rate of the model is investigated. Some criteria of aging are presented and the inheritance of the aging notions (of the base distribution) by the PRHRM is studied. Characterizations of the model involving Fisher information are presented and the statistical inference of the parameters is discussed. Finally, it is shown that several members of the proportional reversed hazard rate class have been found to be useful and flexible in real data analysis.     

制度与制度权威

制度本质上是建立在一定社会生产力和社会关系基础之上的行为规范,它能够约束人们的行为符合某种秩序的要求。制度权威的本质是人们对一定社会物质生产过程和社会交往过程内在秩序性要求的服从。制度和制度权威建设,必须使制度符合一定社会的生产力、社会关系和人的状况。     

私营企业主的劳动属性再认识

私营企业主的劳动,从本质上看包含着大量的创新劳动,从分工上看绝大部分是管理劳动和科技劳动。他们的劳动具有高脑力劳动强度、高劳动风险压力、超常劳动时间和劳动的高增值性等特点。私营企业主的劳动理应受到尊重和保护,因为它是在社会主义制度下合法进行的,是有中国特色社会主义总劳动的一部分,并有力地促进了有中国特色社会主义的发展。在私营企业主的收入中非劳动收入的比重有下降的趋势。     

非对称信息市场理论对规范中国劳动力市场秩序的启示

信息不对称是导致中国劳动力市场秩序混乱的主要原因之一。斯宾塞的劳动力市场模型解决了信息非对称条件下的均衡实现问题,同时也揭示了信息不对称下均衡效率低下、劳动力市场混乱的事实。运用这一模型对我国劳动力市场存在的问题作了进一步解释,并提出了规范我国劳动力市场的对策。     

中国就业市场中的性别歧视——对公众认知率的研究

调查结果表明:女性更关注工作过程中的性别歧视和职业隔离的性别歧视现象,女性仅对应聘过程中的性别歧视现象如女性的相貌、身高等要求、外来打工妹的应聘两个问题的认知率高于男性;女性对性骚扰性别歧视认知率与男性没有显著差异;公众对各种性别歧视现象的总体认知水平不高.     

知识的价值决定——一种基于理论的探讨

劳动价值理论是经济学的基本理论。经济学价值论的使命是说明商品交换价值的决定和运动规律。新经济时代正在到来,人类生产方式也正在发生广泛而深刻的变化,价值决定理论也将随着现实经济的发展而发展。在知识经济时代,商品同样有一个客观的交换基础——劳动时间,但所有商品的价值已不完全由社会必要劳动时间确定,特别是知识产品的价值量是由个别劳动时间确定的。     

Racial differences in urban neighboring

Despite mixed expectations generated by existing theories and evidence, this analysis documents clear racial differences in urban neighboring behavior. Using data from a survey of Nashville, Tennessee, residents, we show that blacks interact with their neighbors more often than whites do, and in a greater variety of ways. The only noteworthy similarity between the two groups is the positive impact of neighboring on feelings of community affect. Overall, our results support the view that neighbor relations — like other kinds of informal participation — have helped blacks cope with constrained social opportunities and provided them with access to resources unavailable through formal institutional channels.Revised version of a paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, August 1989.     

关于期刊编辑主体疲劳心理的理论分析

期刊编辑在产生疲劳心理时,要有正确的认识目的和正确的克服方法。本文以编辑心理学理论为根据,运用劳动生理和劳动心理的知识,对期刊编辑主体在编辑活动中的心理现象———产生疲劳、积累疲劳和恢复疲劳的一般规律进行了理论分析,旨在培养编辑的心理素质,合理设计编辑工作模式,提高编辑工作效率。     

Social Stratification and the Division of Household Labor in Japan: The Effect of Wives' Work on the Division of Labor among Dual-earner Families

Abstract:  This article explores the relationship between social stratification and the division of household labor by examining how the contribution to housework by husbands in dual-earner families varies across the Japanese social stratification structure. First, I review previous studies concerning the determinants of husbands' participation in housework and construct four hypotheses regarding the relative resources explanation, the time constraints explanation, the ideology/sex role explanation, and the alternative manpower explanation. Second, I examine the empirical support for these hypotheses in dual-earner couples and the effect of social stratification on husband's participation in housework, which has not been studied thus far. Third, I investigate the effect of social stratification in more detail. According to the results of TOBIT regressions and other supplementary analyses, the principal findings are as follows:

• 1) 

  the relative resources explanation is not supported;

       

彩票的法学解析

彩票是国家为筹集社会公益资金而发行的供人们自愿购买并据以取得获奖机会的凭证。汇集闲散资金,造福社会公益事业,是彩票的本质特征,也是彩票的道德生命和法律生命所在。彩票具有国家性、财产性、合同性、社会性等法律性质。彩票运作中包含着多重法律关系,其核心问题是发行人与购彩人之间的权利、义务如何配置。