基于两阶段优化算法的神经网络预测模型

采用基于两阶段优化算法(multi-stage optimization approach,MSOA)的GA人工神经网络,将训练集分为两部分,在前一训练集训练后获得的网络基础上使用后一训练集进行进一步的训练获得更为优化的网络结构.针对复杂系统建模输入节点难以确定的问题,提出将其与自组织数据挖掘算法相结合,利用GMDH算法获得神经网络的初始化节点,使用训练好的神经网络模型进行预测.将由此建立的预测模型应用于粮食价格的预测,并进一步探讨了MSOA算法的收敛性问题.结果表明基于GMDH和MSOA的神经网络组合预测模型能较大提高神经网络的全局收敛能力和收敛速度,提高预测精度.     

多语际语言语音习得中的质性案例研究

语言迁移现象既发生在母语与第一外语学习过程中,也同样发生在学习第二外语的过程中,并且因此而变得复杂有趣。多种语言本身的独特性和差异性,使多语际语言基础对第一、第二外语语音学习过程产生了相互影响和作用。本研究以西班牙大学生和中国西班牙语专业大学生为研究对象,通过对比研究中文普通话、英语和西班牙语在语音方面的特点,探索母语、第一外语、第二外语之间的相互关系,及其对语音学习所产生的作用和影响,为多语际语音习得与外语教学提供有价值的借鉴和经验。     

Approach and Positive Affect in Toddlerhood Predict Early Childhood Behavior Problems

The aim of the study was to examine the moderating role of positive affect on the relation between approach behaviors and adjustment outcomes. One hundred eleven toddlers participated in a laboratory assessment of approach and positive affect at 24 months. Behavior problems were reported by a parent in the fall of the child's kindergarten year. Results supported our hypotheses that children who displayed high approach and high positive affect in both non‐threat and low‐threat contexts were rated as higher in externalizing behavior problems. On the other hand, for children showing low positive affect, increases in approach in a moderate‐threat context lowered the risk of developing internalizing behavior problems. Implications for these findings are discussed, including methodological considerations of differences among eliciting contexts and advantages of separating positive affect and approach.     

A Security Model and Legal Guarantee for Chinese Maritime Shipping: As Exemplified in the Response to Piracy along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road

The Belt and Road Initiative is an important decision for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Maritime security has a significant place in this process. In recent years, there have been frequent violent terrorist incidents at sea, including piracy, armed hijackings and terrorist attacks, posing a dire threat to both international and Chinese maritime transport interests and seriously challenging the fulfillment of the maritime part of the “Belt and Road Initiative.” Five direct measures can be taken to protect ocean shipping from violence at sea. One example is the defensive measures taken against the Somali pirates. The employment of armed guards from professional security companies on board ship is an effective model for guaranteeing maritime security; it not only meets the standards of international law, but is also legally permitted in many developed countries and regions, and is thus strategically significant for overall Chinese maritime security. In the Chinese context, this model carries its own legal risks. We should embrace a new approach to national security law, strengthen legal guarantees and make concerted efforts to provide warship (military aircraft) escorts to jointly build an optimum model of Chinese maritime security in order to ensure the realization of core Chinese maritime interests.     

语文课程素养培养模式的探索与建构——以湛江师范学院中文专业为例

语文课程素养是师范院校中文专业人才培养的综合素养,也是人才培养目标的高度浓缩。"课程整合、平台贯通、操作一体化"培养模式,则是针对当下中文专业人才培养中的问题及素养形成规律提出的具体方案。要使这个方案落实到教学中,既需要教师改变课程观念、确定语文课程素养的培养目标,又要通过教学评价进行引导。而这一方案一旦成为教学中的共识,将大大提高师范院校中文专业的人才培养效率和水平。     

A Narrative Approach to Pregnancy‐related Discrimination and Leader–follower Relationships

This study sheds light on women's perceptions of pregnancy‐related discrimination committed by the discriminated woman's immediate leader. The purpose is to show how women describe this perception during pregnancy and after their return to working life after maternity leave. Further, the study explores the ways in which the quality of the leader–follower relationship is revealed during the narration process. The research draws on five individual stories, collected in two rounds of interviews. Representations of several kinds of discriminatory practices can be found in the narratives and reveal that even being a partner in a good‐quality leader–follower relationship does not necessarily protect a woman from pregnancy‐related discrimination. However, women involved in a high‐quality leader–follower relationship described their perceptions in a more positive manner than those in a low‐quality relationship. The contribution of the article to the literature is twofold: firstly, the results challenge the traditional view that high‐quality leader–member exchange relationships lead to positive outcomes. Secondly, examining the different ways in which people describe their perceptions of discrimination deepens our understanding of the equality problems that working women face.     

Infusing Career Development to Strengthen Middle School English Language Arts Curricula

An approach is presented for strengthening middle school standards‐based English language arts (ELA) classroom instruction by infusing theory‐ and research‐supported career development constructs and practices. Over an 8‐week period, 90 urban 7th graders participated in an integrated ELA–career development curriculum. Career agency emerged as an important construct for students. It was related to key markers of ELA achievement (i.e., standardized test scores, grades, and positive change in 6th‐ to 7th‐grade test scores) and elaborated on in nuanced ways by students in their written narratives. Four themes related to career agency were identified in student writings: time perspective, challenges of self‐direction, career development, and social and emotional development. Advantages for students and schools related to synergy, scale, and sustainability are discussed.     

Why do participants in voluntary organizations leave? Exploring the relationship between value congruence and length of stay

Recognizing the importance of values and the specific characteristics of participants and situations in voluntary organizations, we examine how value congruence—the fit or compatibility of values between participants and the organization, or among participants—interacts with personal and situational factors to predict participants' length of stay in their organizations. Introducing the case of a voluntary organization that offers shared housing, we measure value congruence through textual similarity in the self‐introduction documents of 49 participants and the organization's mission statement. This approach differs from the self‐reported measures based on participants' perceptions or recalled interactions used in previous studies. In line with expectation‐disconfirmation theory, participants with the strongest beliefs in organizational values had shorter lengths of stay. The amount of intraorganizational communication also moderated the relationship between value congruence and length of stay. This study provides theoretical and methodological implications for nonprofit management by considering personal and situational factors and evaluating value congruence by textual similarity.     

浅谈笑话语言的修辞方式与修辞效果

笑话,顾名思义,是一种通过幽默的文字或图示来达到令人会心一笑或捧腹大笑效果的文学形式。而这种通俗的文学形式主要是借助各种修辞手段来呈现。研究笑话中的修辞格,有助于我们更好地有意识地把修辞格运用到笑话幽默的创作当中,从而为人们提供更丰富的精神娱乐。     

网络文化背景下汉语言的变异探析

随着互联网的普及,现在中国已经进入了网络时代,现在的人们以及各行各业都离不开网络,它与人们的生活息息相关,尤其现在的年轻人,网络已经成为他们生活中不可缺少的一部分。由于网络的及时性,更多的人已经开始习惯于从网络上获取信息。除了从网络上获取信息,人们还可以在网上交友,信息分享和进行其他的网络活动。网络活动的增多,网络语言也开始繁荣起来。为了适应网络的特殊环境,网络语言在汉语言的词汇、语法、发音和构成上都发生了很大的变异。本文将对网络语言的产生、发展以及网络语言对汉语言产生的影响进行分析。