网络文学与文学本质

网络文学的出现再次激起我们对“文学本质”的追问。网络文学文本的生存形式从一个全新的层面给我们提供了一个较全面关照和认识文学 (及其传统 )的视角 ,只有以开放的心态和宽容的态度面对文学现实本身 ,我们才能更清楚地看清文学自身的逻辑 ,从而更接近和理解文学的本质。     

现代汉语语义学研究述要

语义研究问题是现代汉语研究的重点和难点之一。通过对汉语经典语义学以及西方现代语义学研究的历史回顾,结合汉语语言事实,对各种语义流派给予评估,希冀能找出一种适合汉语的语义学研究方法。     

What to do with “I Don't Know:” Elicitation in Ethnographic & Survey Interviews

When a researcher enters an interview, she has already construed it as being a standard type of communicative event. This article considers how a researcher's construal of a communicative event as either an ethnographic or survey interview shapes the production of information. Interview standards entail epistemological assumptions that directly inform the type of information sought and produced. I consider this process through a comparison of the elicitation techniques I employed in survey and ethnographic interviews conducted during research in Mexico. I draw on theory in linguistic anthropology on the nature of meaning in language, examining how dialogicality and interaction are essential to understanding the construal of communicative events.     

教育行动研究与在职外语教师的专业发展

教育行动研究作为一种解决现实课堂教学问题的实践方法和特殊的教师教育方法正受到越来越多的国内外教育研究者的关注。它倡导教师即研究者通过对自己课堂中的教学现象进行考察和研究并从中获取知识,改进教学质量。教育行动研究与教师专业发展密切相关。教育行动研究可以改进教学质量,提高教学水平,帮助在职教师重建知识体系,促使教师向专家型教师转化,是在职外语教师专业发展的可行的、有效的途径。     

Origins and destinies: Immigration to the United States since World War II

Contemporary immigration to the United States and the formation of new ethnic groups are the complex and unintended social consequences of the expansion of the nation to its post-World War II position of global hegemony. Immigrant communities in the United States today are related to a history of American military, political, economic, and cultural involvement and intervention in the sending countries, especially in Asia and the Caribbean Basin, and to the linkages that are formed in the process that open a variety of legal and illegal migration pathways. The 19.8 million foreign-born persons counted in the 1990 U.S. census formed the largest immigrant population in the world, though in relative terms, only 7.9% of the U.S. population was foreign-born, a lower proportion than earlier in this century. Today's immigrants are extraordinarily diverse, a reflection of polar-opposite types of migrations embedded in very different historical and structural contexts. Also, unlike the expanding economy that absorbed earlier flows from Europe, since the 1970s new immigrants have entered an hourglass economy with reduced opportunities for social mobility, particularly among the less educated, and new waves of refugees have entered a welfare state with expanded opportunities for public assistance. This paper seeks to make sense of the new diversity. A typology of contemporary immigrants is presented, and their patterns of settlement, their distinctive social and economic characteristics compared to major native-born racial-ethnic groups, and their different modes of incorporation in—and consequences for—American society are considered.     

青海话中的词缀"头"

青海话中的词缀“头”除了有与汉语普通话词缀“头”相同的特点外,还能够放在动词词根和形容词词根语素的后面,构成一个新的名词,表示某事是否值得做或必要性的主观评价,也可以指对象或状态;这种方式构成的名词是一个开放的系统,只存在于具体语境之中。文章还进一步探讨了这种用法的起源,并与其它方言中的词缀“头”作了对比分析。     

肉身化的思与诗

本文认为,长期受封建主义和理性主义压抑贬损的人类肉身是一种非常高贵的存在。它通过自己独特的肉身化思维,把整个世界人化。于是,世界具有了人的形体结构,情感愿望,生命追求。这个人化的世界实际是人肉身的诗意创造物。而整个的诗意创造活动本身,一方面展示了人的自然活力,另一方面又表现了人对自然的诗意驾驭力。这是人的肉身生命的诗意再生产,也是人作为万物灵长的资格证明,更是人诗意生存的基本表现形态。     

语文课堂教学中的创新教育

实行教学民主 ,优化创新环境应是语文课堂教学中实施创新教育的前提。因为创新活动是一种复杂的心理过程 ,它将会引起一系列的心理反应 ,同时也受其他心理因素的制约 ,所以实行教学民主 ,创设宽松的、自由的、民主的良好心理环境尤为必要。加强创新能力培养 ,强化创新训练 ,是语文课堂教学中实施创新教育的目的。创新能力就是在已有知识、经验的基础上 ,经过独立的分析、综合、联想、想像、比较、抽象和概括后所获得的能力。所以 ,创新能力的培养 ,还在于多方面开辟创新思维的活动空间 ,让学生在独立开启创造性思维中发展个性 ,促使创新意识的产生和能力的形成     

Symbols Build Communication and Thought: The Role of Gestures and Words in the Development of Engagement Skills and Social‐emotional Concepts during Toddlerhood

Social skills and symbol skills are positively associated in middle childhood, but the relation between these domains is less clear in newly verbal toddlers. Vygotsky proposed that symbols are both tools for interaction and mental tools for thought. Do symbols help even very young children build skills for interacting with and conceptualizing the social world? Longitudinal data from 108 children and mothers were collected when children were 14, 24, and 36 months. Children's gestures and words during mother–child interactions were used as symbol skill indicators to predict children's abilities to engage others and the number of social‐emotional concepts children portray during play. In a series of growth models, words had a stronger effect on engagement skills whereas early gesture use predicted later development of social‐emotional concepts. Therefore, even in early development, symbols serve as both communication tools and mental tools to construct understanding of the social‐emotional world.     

自然语言理解综述

为了解决计算机理解自然语言问题，产生了自然语言理解这一研究方向，文章归纳了自然语言理解研究中的一些关键问题，整理了国内外自然语言理解技术发展的简史，讨论了自然语言理解技术的主要进展，并针对重大的研究工作做了粗浅的评述。最后对该学科的研究前景进行了展望。