十四年来内蒙古非物质文化遗产保护成就述评

内蒙古非物质文化遗产延续着内蒙古各民族的精神根脉,闪烁着各民族智慧之光,彰显了我国民族文化卓殊的创造力和生命价值。十四年来,内蒙古自治区本着对国家、民族文化传承发展的责任意识相继采取了一系列保护措施,在保护机制、名录体系、传承场所、传承人保护制度、宣传教育、区域性保护等方面的建设取得了积极的进展。这些成就为自治区民族文化遗产的有效保护、活态传承、可持续发展创造了良好的社会环境,也有助于提高自治区民族文化自信、增强民众的保护主体意识,具有突出的现实意义。     

文化生态视域下阴山地域民族文化资源的数字化保护研究

从文化生态学的角度,对阴山地域民族文化资源进行数字化保护是促进阴山文化认同、实现阴山文化生态建设的重要技术手段。阴山地域各部门应该积极建设阴山地域民族文化资源数据库、展开多领域数字化合作和宣传,将数字化技术与文化产业有效对接,实现生产性保护等,有效促进阴山地域民族文化资源的保护和传承,实现阴山文化认同,全方位构建阴山文化生态圈,促进阴山地域经济和社会的全面发展。     

大数据在重大行政决策中的应用及其法治化

大数据在重大行政决策领域的应用,属于技术理性与决策规则的有机融合。凭借信息来源与技术革新,大数据可赋予传统决策向数字化转型的新动能。大数据的应用贯穿于重大行政决策始终,在市场监管、环境保护等多类事项中所发挥的实践优势较为明显,能够推动决策的高效化、提升决策的精准度、增强决策机关之间的联动。然而,大数据应用可能会引发决策安全的隐忧、个人数据存在的空间被挤压以及决策失误的责任承担等难题。对前述问题提出对策的过程,实乃数据治理向治理数据的转变,此阶段不能欠缺法律法规的引导,应尝试从决策数据安全体系的法治保障、个人数据的法律保护、决策责任追究机制的科学建构等层面去推动大数据应用的法治化。     

HR转型背景下劳动关系与劳动法课程教学方法新探

2020年中共中央办公厅、国务院印发的《关于深化新时代教育督导体制机制改革的意见》,进一步推动了我国教育事业的改革和发展,也为HR转型背景下劳动关系与劳动法课程教学方法的改革提供了优良契机。基于此,文章介绍了HR转型与专业人才培养的关系,分析了HR转型对劳动关系与劳动法课程教学的影响,探究了HR转型背景下劳动关系与劳动法课程的教学现状,论述了HR转型背景下劳动关系与劳动法课程教学的创新路径。     

人工智能生成物的著作权保护路径探析——兼评人工智能生成物著作权第一案

人工智能技术的发展对传统著作权制度带来了显著的冲击。以人工智能生成物著作权第一案为例,通过审视作品构成要件判断标准发现,独创性始终贯彻以人类作者为中心的评价标准,同时,智力成果要件则是认定人工智能生成物构成著作权法意义上作品与否的重要标准。从人类是否实际参与作品的创作过程来看,多数人工智能生成物不构成作品,而保护人工智能生成物的价值追求与邻接权制度的基本理念相适应,且邻接权制度的扩张趋势也为把人工智能生成物纳入其保护范畴创造了机会。建议立法通过扩张邻接权制度的权利内容与客体类型以对人工智能生成物提供必要保护。而在当前阶段,反不正当竞争法可以为人工智能生成物相关利益主体提供一定限度的过渡保护。     

论被遗忘权的本土化移植

随着信息技术的高速发展,公民的个人信息和个人隐私极易遭受滥用和侵害。以达成数据主体对于个人信息的主动自决意愿为内驱动力的被遗忘权,欧美发达国家因符合其政治需求和价值主张而广泛确立。虽然被遗忘权权利本质亦与我国社会发展实际相契合,且国内的立法司法实践也为其培育了移植基础,但被遗忘权在我国的本土化移植仍然面临诸多障碍,如信息技术瓶颈、商业风险增加、现有制度衔接低效等。从厘清被遗忘权基本概念、建立专门信息保护机构、构建商业化个人信息储存及使用机制、明确被遗忘权救济渠道与规则以及升级信息保护技术等方面为切入点,寻求被遗忘权本土化移植的解决思路。     

The relevance of institutions and people’s preferences in the PSNP and IN-SCT programmes in Ethiopia

The effective implementation of social protection interventions is key for achieving positive change. The existing literature mainly focuses on issues related to programme design and impact, rather than the factors that influence the emergence, expansion and provision of these programmes. This article builds on the recent literature that indicates that the quality of institutions and people’s preferences play an important role in the implementation of social protection. It does so by using Ethiopia and its Productive Safety Net Programme – one of the largest social protection programmes in sub-Saharan Africa – as a case study, thereby contributing to debates on how to implement social protection more effectively, particularly in settings of widespread poverty and relatively low levels of institutional capacity. Based on primary qualitative data, the article finds that greater institutional quality at the local level is associated with the more effective provision of social protection. The ability of community members and social protection clients to voice preferences can lead to adaptations in implementation, although the extent to which this occurs is highly gendered.     

Reinvigorating the social contract and strengthening social cohesion: Social protection responses to COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerability of those who are inadequately covered by social protection in more and less developed countries alike, and has exacerbated the fragility of a social contract that was already under strain in many countries. A weak social contract in the context of an exceptional crisis poses a very real risk to social cohesion. Nevertheless, many States have reasserted themselves as the guarantor of rights by protecting public health and incomes. By sustaining these measures, economic recovery will be supported which will help minimize risks that may weaken social cohesion. However, this is a fast-moving, inherently unstable and protracted crisis. Social protection stands at a critical juncture. Decisive policy action will be required to strengthen social protection systems, including floors, as one of the cornerstones of a reinvigorated social contract.     

Parent–professional interviews in child protection: Comparing viewpoints

Several studies have analysed the parent–professional relationship in the field of child protection. Although social workers tend to privilege interviews when working with families and view them as a means through which to build ties, few studies have focused on these interviews. To analyse how professionals and parents position themselves, we chose to focus on the content of these interviews and on the associated interactions. To this end, we recorded 13 parent–professional interviews after receiving the consent of the concerned parties. After analysing the interviews, we asked volunteer social workers and parents to analyse their own recorded interviews. Our results confirm the asymmetric nature of the parent–professional relationship. They show that professionals' viewpoints carry more weight than those of parents. They also underscore professionals' lack of openness and the strategies parents implement to cope with this power imbalance. Lastly, our results open new avenues for reflection on the evolution of practices that may enable professionals to better take into account families' viewpoints.     

Challenges and dilemmas working with high‐conflict families in child protection casework

Social workers within child protection services report that families marked by high levels of conflict between separated parents are among the most challenging cases to handle. Few studies however have focussed on how social workers themselves experience and meet with parents involved in hostile martial interactions. This article reports on a qualitative study involving 31 social workers and provides an analysis of their experiences and dilemmas in working with such families. Findings demonstrate that social workers struggle to find ways to help high‐conflict families and often find themselves at an impasse. Parents involved in such conflict are highly resistant to change, and social workers struggle to engage with them over concerns about their children. Furthermore, findings suggest that social workers lack organizationally allotted time to assist the parents. I conclude by discussing ways in which emotional support, empowering interventions, and strength‐based approaches enable social workers to manage relationships with high‐conflict families. More research on this topic is needed to support and promote better practices for social workers to be more effective in assisting high‐conflict families.