Age limits for participation in child protection court proceedings in Sweden

According to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and Swedish legislation, children have the right to participate in child protection proceedings. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the notion of age and maturity in child protection proceedings in order to elucidate how these aspects could influence children's rights to participate. We focus on the view of three groups of actors involved in child protection proceedings in Sweden—social workers, lawyers, and laypersons in social welfare boards and administrative courts—and on how children's age and maturity should be taken into consideration in decisions on their participation in court. The analysis is based on survey data. The study found that social workers, laypersons, and lawyers have different views on when children are old enough to have the right to litigate in court. Additionally, there is no consensus on how the maturity of the child can be assessed to inform the decision about participation. More discussion is needed about what competences a child needs to participate in court and to what extent this right should be limited by their age. Importantly, courts and decision‐making proceedings can be made more child friendly.     

Engagement with sustainability at the International Labour Organization and wider implications for collective worker voice

Sustainability objectives have been recognized by the ILO primarily in terms of the impact of environmental protection in the form of “just transition” and “green job” initiatives. Arguably, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) now offer richer scope for ILO engagement with social sustainability. This can be attributed to the prominent recognition of “decent work” in SDG 8 and the need for “responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels” in SDG target 16.7. This article examines how the ILO could further promote collective worker voice in the context of debates over a sustainable “future of work”, particularly considering to whom voice is given and how it is exercised.     

Symbolic Compliance and Student Concerns: Legal Endogeneity and Title IX at American Colleges and Universities

This article considers how American colleges and universities responded to rapid legal change around Title IX immediately following the 2011 release of the Office for Civil Rights’ Dear Colleague Letter. By analyzing the content of 250 campus sexual harassment policies, this article finds that contrary to the predictions of the employment discrimination literature, which suggests that the largest, most visible institutions in a field are the most likely to embed markers of symbolic compliance in their formal policies, small baccalaureate colleges are more likely to include references to the law in their formal documents than their research university peers do. To understand this intriguing finding, the article then analyzes 15 interviews with campus administrators at research universities and baccalaureate colleges to uncover the distinct logics of symbolic compliance and student concerns that differentially inform how actors at different kinds of institutions inhabit their roles and endogenously interpret new Title IX regulations in their formal policies and campus practices. In doing so, this article illuminates the ways in which processes of legal endogeneity differ across institution types within the broader field of higher education.     

我国构建数字经济税收法律制度的现时难题和优化路径

传统税收法律制度在对数字经济企业实施税收征管时存在征管依据缺失、征管技术落后等不足,进而诱发税基侵蚀和利润转移问题,导致无法对数字经济进行充分有效的征管。各国对数字经济的利益诉求不同,使得在国际层面具备广泛共识的数字税方案难以达成。从国内层面来看,我国对于数字经济的税收征管仍旧依靠传统税收模式进行,并未将数字税作为独立税种在法律上予以确认。这种税收模式在数字经济持续发展的当下已经无法满足数字经济税收征管的现实需要。对于当前中国构建数字经济税收法律制度的路径,可以通过升级数字税收监管技术、发挥数字经济平台的监管作用和加强国际税收合作等手段进行优化,并积极参与和推进具有广泛共识的国际数字税收法律规则的制订。     

前台、帷幕、后台--民族文化保护与旅游开发的新模式探索

针对民族文化保护与旅游开发的矛盾问题,文章借用美国社会人类学家马康纳"前台、后台"理论,提出了民族文化保护与旅游开发的"前台、帷幕、后台"模式,希望通过这一新模式合理地解决民族文化保护与旅游开发之间的矛盾冲突,并以美国印第安人文化保护和世界文化遗产丽江古城等为案例进行了初步的分析,为民族文化的保护与旅游开发提供了理论和实践的依据.     

法律的困惑

我国现行法律给人予太多的困惑,如劳动法管不到农民工,婚姻登记管理条例违反婚姻法关于结婚条件的规定,交通法规大幅度减免机动车事故责任,赔偿责任违背重在保护弱者权益的立法精神,生产安全事故责任人刑事责任倚轻的规定,违背公平公正原则等,已经日益成为社会和谐的消极因素,应该引起人们足够的重视.     

从华为前员工侵犯商业秘密案看我国商业秘密的法律保护

深圳华为公司三名前员工侵犯商业秘密案给我们提出这样一个问题:我国如何在信息技术时代加强商业秘密的法律保护?在立法方面,我国对商业秘密的法律保护已初步形成整体框架,但以世界贸易组织与贸易有关的知识产权的协议来要求,还需进一步完善;执法方面,保护商业秘密的执法面临较大的困难.同时很多中国企业商业秘密和知识产权的保护意识和缜密做法还有所欠缺.     

关于我国权力机关行政法制监督的思考

行政法制监督作为一种法律制度,是依法行政和行政法制化的重要内容。权力机关作为国家行政法制监督的主体,其对行政的监督是行政法制监督的重要方面。我国的权力机关是指全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会。它在我国现行的行政法制监督中发挥着巨大作用,但随着社会主义民主法制的运行和市场经济的发展,权力机关的行政法制监督也呈现出不足和弊端。     

由民间规则到国家制定法--析中国土地制度与地政管理的近代转型

在中国传统法律体系中,民事和经济法律关系主要由民间规则进行调整。近代以来,对于这些民间规则的改造成为法律转型的重要任务。就土地制度和地政管理而言,创立新的法律部门、制定切合实际的实施规则、改革民间陋习是国家制定法逐步取代旧有民间法的重要内容和手段,也是民事经济法律关系近代转型的重要特征。     

刑事程序性权利的保障

随着保障人权意识在刑事诉讼中的觉醒,刑事程序性权利的保障必将成为刑事诉讼中的核心问题。刑事程序性权利的价值可区分为程序性权利的工具价值和内在价值。前者是实现实体权利的手段,后者是基于普遍的人性为基础的独立价值。对我国现行刑事诉讼法中刑事程序性权利内在价值的缺失与薄弱环节的完善,是今后现代化法治建设的紧迫任务。