Heterogeneous credit union production technologies with endogenous switching and correlated effects

Credit unions differ in the types of financial services they offer to their members. This article explicitly models this observed heterogeneity using a generalized model of endogenous ordered switching. Our approach captures the endogenous choice that credit unions make when adding new products to their financial services mix. The model that we consider also allows for the dependence between unobserved effects and regressors in both the selection and outcome equations and can accommodate the presence of predetermined covariates in the model. We use this model to estimate returns to scale for U.S. retail credit unions from 1996 to 2011. We document strong evidence of persistent technological heterogeneity among credit unions offering different financial service mixes, which, if ignored, can produce quite misleading results. Employing our model, we find that credit unions of all types exhibit substantial economies of scale.     

线阵与凸阵换能器开关网络的一种设计方法

在使用线阵和凸阵换能器的超声成像设备中，阵元开关网络用来选择参加超声收发所需的阵元，为了电子聚焦及变孔径，需要在发射及接收电路中加入整序网络。在采用变迹技术的设备中，特别是数字化超声成像设备中，整序网络的规模将增加很多。文中提出了一种一体化开关网络设计方法，可以明显地简化整序网络的结构，并减少开关网络的规模。     

BSIT组合器件

本文研制了BSIT组合器件,它是由BSIT和BJT组合而成的一种复合器件,具有开关速度高、功率容量大、h_(FE)的温度稳定性好等优点,可用于低压开关电源、优质脉冲功率源和高低温恶劣环境下的仪表等场合。     

Granger-causality in Markov switching models

In this paper, we propose a new approach for characterizing and testing Granger-causality, which is well equipped to handle models where the change in regime evolves according to multiple Markov chains. Differently from the existing literature, we propose a method for analysing causal links that specifically takes into account Markov chains. Tests for independence are also provided. We illustrate the methodology with an empirical application, and in particular, we investigate the causality and interdependence between financial and economic cycles in USA using the bivariate Markov switching model proposed by Hamilton and Lin [13 J.D. Hamilton and J. Lin, Stock market volatility and business cycle, J. Appl. Econ. 11(5) (1996), pp. 573–593. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1255(199609)11:5<573::AID-JAE413>3.0.CO;2-T[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. We find that financial variables are useful in forecasting the aggregate economic activity, and vice versa.     

语言距离下中国对外文化传播分层策略研究

语言距离是影响中国对外文化传播效果的重要因素,在中国对外文化传播中应依据语言距离实施分层传播策略。笔者以WALS语料库中192个语言特征为指标,具体计算51个样本国的语言距离,并以此为依据将中国对外文化传播目标国划分为四个层次,其中对语言距离相对较小的第一层次和第二层次国家,实施重点传播,建立相对更为复杂的文化传播体系;而对于第三层次和第四层次国家,提高其与中国文化传播的意愿,增强其与中国文化传播的动力,减少因语言距离所带来的高额传播成本和交流风险;同时逐步在上述四个层次国家中依次开展具针对性的文化交流、实施汉语等级考试,以及建构新型对外传播平台等分层策略。     

网络聊天中的语码转换现象探析

网络聊天由于自身的一些特点,往往比面对面的交谈更倾向于使用语码转换。网络聊天室中实时聊天语料的分析结果可以将语码转换区分为句问转换和句内转换两种不同形式。网民使用语码转换的背后存在着各种各样的使用动因,使得网络语言丰富多彩,对促进和规范我国语言文字起着重要作用。     

The godmother of gendered organizations: In celebration of the work of Joan Acker

Joan Acker can be considered the godmother of gendered organizations. In this paper, we reflect on the impact that Joan Acker's work has on our thinking and our careers as gender scholars in management and organization studies in Europe. First, we tell our personal stories of close encounters with Joan Acker. Second, we highlight what we consider to be two key contributions of Joan Acker. The first are the interrelated gendered processes regarding structure, culture, interaction and identity from her work in the early 1990s, the second the notion of inequality regimes from her later work on the intersections of gender, class and race. We then discuss how Acker's work has been influential in our research on gendered organizations, and in our teaching when we use it in our explanations of the functioning of gender in organizations to students, and in our work as advisors and consultants for organizations interested in equality, diversity and inclusion. Finally, we elaborate on new directions building on Acker's work, especially in current theorizing on gender and diversity in organizational change.     

Relabel mixture models via modal clustering

Effectively solving the label switching problem is critical for both Bayesian and Frequentist mixture model analyses. In this article, a new relabeling method is proposed by extending a recently developed modal clustering algorithm. First, the posterior distribution is estimated by a kernel density from permuted MCMC or bootstrap samples of parameters. Second, a modal EM algorithm is used to find the m! symmetric modes of the KDE. Finally, samples that ascend to the same mode are assigned the same label. Simulations and real data applications demonstrate that the new method provides more accurate estimates than many existing relabeling methods.     

Building a Bicultural Bridge

ABSTRACT

The balancing act of living between two cultures can have a significant impact on the development of adolescent Latinas living in the United States. Many adolescent Latinas, particularly second generation, live with two sets of cultural values that are often in conflict with one another. This case study illustrates the importance of understanding the impact of acculturation on the individual and the family. Issues of identity, biculturalism, and bilingualism—specifically the phenomenon of language switching—are dismantled in this case study to gain deeper insight into the unique experience that second-generation Latinas undergo when negotiating two cultural orientations. These findings are important to consider when working with the Latino population as they represent one of the largest immigrant groups and the most rapidly growing group in the United States.     

对外汉语非语言性语境转换研究

对外汉语教学必须首先面对汉语言接受过程中“音”与“义”的链接难题,本质上是两种不同文化背景下一种语言在表达同一事实或对象上的意合思维问题,呈现出的瓶颈主要是“语境”的牵绊,它包括“语言性语境”和“非语言语境”两部分。其中,“非语言语境”的双重语义跨越实为对外汉语的第一突破点,而这一点通常被关注的较少。本文从对外汉语语音、词汇、语篇、语法的实践过程出发,探讨非语言语境转换对突破对外汉语“语境”瓶颈的作用途径。