Accelerated Estimation of Switching Algorithms: The Cointegrated VAR Model and Other Applications

Restricted versions of the cointegrated vector autoregression are usually estimated using switching algorithms. These algorithms alternate between two sets of variables but can be slow to converge. Acceleration methods are proposed that combine simplicity and effectiveness. These methods also outperform existing proposals in some applications of the expectation–maximization method and parallel factor analysis.     

Regime-specific impact of financial reforms on economic growth in Pakistan

This study uses and proposes a new methodological approach to construct a financial liberalization index on the basis of the dynamic factor model technique. The resulting index is used to investigate the impact of the financial sector reforms in Pakistan on economic growth. Using the Markov regime-switching model over the period 1972–2015, the empirical results showed that the examined relationship is nonlinear, nonmonotonic, state-dependent, and better described by the two-state Markov switching model characterized by the high growth regime and low growth regime. Despite the positive impact of financial liberalization on economic growth in both the high and low growth regimes, financial liberalization relatively strongly affects real GDP growth in the high growth regime. The results further demonstrate that transition probabilities establish an inordinate episode of the low growth regime. Furthermore, the high growth regime is relatively short-lived than the low growth regime. Among the other variables, trade openness and physical capital stock have a positive impact on economic growth, while labor force and government expenditure exert a negative effect on economic growth. Several economic policies are proposed and discussed for better functioning of financial sector development in Pakistan.     

通货膨胀率和股票收益率的相关性的实证研究——基于马尔可夫转换模型

通过建立马尔可夫向量误差修正模型，分别在高通胀和低通胀两个区制内研究股票实际收益率和通货膨胀率的相关性。根据实证分析结果，股指和CPI之间存在正向协整关系，协整误差对CPI 的短期波动具有正向的修正作用。对于同步相关性，在低通胀区制内，股票收益率和通货膨胀率正相关，在高通胀区制内，股票收益率和通货膨胀率负相关。短期相关性不显著。     

常州市综合性医院患者忠诚度及其影响因素分析

本文通过横断面调查法,深入开展综合性医院患者满意度和忠诚度的研究,分析患者满意度和忠诚度的关系及其影响因素,对提升医疗服务水平,提高患者忠诚度有直接指导意义,为提高医院医疗服务水平提供参考依据,促进医院健康持续发展。