Governing Deviance in Public Space through Mayoral Orders: Fields Mismatch and Metropolitan Turbulence

This article addresses the issue of policy change and its consequences on the organizational field and institutional context, looking at the role of an instrument transfer process. We adopt a political sociology approach to policy instruments to account for the impact that the introduction of a securitarian instrument, the mayoral order, had on the implementation process of a social policy. Through a genealogy of the instrument we identify a constitutive, normative and cognitive dimension. Our aim is to explain the interaction between these institutional dimensions, the re‐definition of the organizational field of the policy, and the dynamics of metropolitan politics. Following a synthesis of the policy process and the institutional arrangements where the policy is implemented, we show how the instrument transfer triggered a division within the organizational field, and the rise of institutional tensions amongst local authorities. In the conclusion, we identify the institutional dimensions of the instruments and the policy implementation scale as elements that are to interact with public‐private relationships and institutional arrangements, and that have an impact on implementation process and policy outcome.     

语块教学的主要心理认知理据与应用

本文探讨语块教学对提高语块意识和促进语篇生成技能的有效性,以及在外语课堂教学语境中语块教学应注意的问题,以期对课堂语言教学有所裨益。     

浅论诗歌语言的隐喻特质

中国古代美学提倡含蓄朦胧、蕴籍风流,诗歌作为最能体现古典美学精神的文学样式,利用语词的隐喻特质,极大地拓宽了诗歌的审美空间,丰富了诗歌的审美内涵。主要探讨诗歌与语词的隐喻关联,同时简要归列了解析语词隐喻内涵的方法,力求从隐喻阐释理论的高度对诗歌的多义主题及丰富寓意作出更合理的解释和还原。     

介电可调薄膜材料及压控微波器件研究

利用介电可调薄膜材料的调谐特性研制的介质压控微波器件高频特性好、功率容量大、响应速度快,还有易集成、功耗小、成本低、可靠性高的特点,相比半导体管、铁氧体以及MEMS器件有明显的优势。该文系统介绍了近年来国内外介电可调薄膜材料及压控微波器件的研究进展,并结合作者的工作评述了介电可调薄膜材料和压控微波器件的应用情况。除研究最为集中的钛酸锶钡BaxSr1-xTiO3(BST)材料,还介绍了具有较高调谐率的铋基焦绿石铌酸铋镁Bi1.5MgNb1.5O7(BMN)薄膜材料,该材料介电损耗低(约0.002),介电常数适中(约86),温度系数小,是一种极具发展前景的微波介电可调材料。     

菲茨杰拉德创作能力的变迁——基于词汇测度的统计分析

传统上,不同评论者对同一作家作品的好恶往往会导致对作家创作能力截然不同的评价,这种主观定性评判并没有考虑作品本身的内在特质。计算语言学发现幂律分布在各类文本的词汇测度中具有普遍性,这为定量刻画文学作品的内在特质提供了统计手段。因为作家的创作能力不是一成不变的,不同创作时期的作品反映了作家创作能力的波动,为检验这一论断,以菲茨杰拉德的四部小说为例,对包括类符形符比、词汇增长率和词汇相对熵等在内的词汇测度进行统计分析,发现这三个测度与文中的形符数之间服从幂律关系。故提出一种计算作家创作能力的新测度以及比较其创作能力变化的新方法。菲茨杰拉德作品的实证分析表明：该测度不仅能够有力地印证现有的定性评论观点,而且还能够有效地反映作家创作能力的巅峰与低谷状态。     

英语歧义现象及其积极作用

歧义是一种语言形式能够表达两种或两种以上意义的语言现象，它普遍存在于世界各种语言中。一般认为歧义会有碍交流，但如果人们加以巧妙运用，却也能起到积极的作用，更好地达到某一交际目的。文章主要分析了几类英语歧义现象以及歧义在幽默笑话、广告、文学作品中的积极运用。     

"二程语录"在近代汉语词汇史研究上的价值

从新词、新义、词义扩大和双音复合虚词的大量产生四个方面论述了"二程语录"中的俗语词在近代汉语汇史研究上的重要价值.     

基于移动终端及ZigBee组件的应急信息系统研究

提出了一个基于移动终端及ZigBee组件的应急管理信息系统的设计方案及应用实现。利用移动终端，可以有效地捕捉实时灾情信息并填补已有数据信息的缺失。利用数据挖掘技术，实现了基于实时信息的应急管理模型构建。最终通过基于可视化的信息展示，实现对应急管理的信息支持。     

A formulation of the concept of probability based on the use of experimental devices

This paper sets out to identify the abilities that a person needs to be able to successfully use an experimental device, such as a probability wheel or balls in an urn, for the elicitation of subjective probabilities. It is assumed that the successful use of the device requires that the person elicits unique probability values that obey the standard probability laws. This leads to a definition of probability based on the idea of the similarity between the likeliness of events and this concept is naturally extended to the idea that probabilities have strengths, which relates to information about the likeliness of an event that lies beyond a simple probability value. The latter notion is applied to the problem of explaining the Ellsberg paradox. To avoid the definition of probability being circular, probabilities are defined such that they depend on the choice of a reference set of events R which, in simple cases, corresponds to the raw outcomes produced by using an experimental device. However, it is shown that even when the events in R are considered as having an “equal chance” of occurring, the values and/or strengths of probabilities can still be affected by the choice of the set R.     

试论词汇语义对语法的决定作用

词汇与语法的关系问题，是伴随语言学历史但至今仍然没有很好解答的问题。长期以来，语法得到了高度重视，词汇的价值被忽视。事实证明，孤立地研究词汇和语法，不关注词汇与语法的关系，影响了我们对语言机制的深刻认识和准确把握。那种简单地认为语法是语言的主导和核心，词汇只是备用材料，语言的运用只是根据语法规则对词汇进行组配的看法，是本末倒置的。事实上，意义是语言的出发点和落脚点，词汇语义对语言要素的性质、功能及组配模式、表达形式等都具有决定性作用，汉语尤其如此。与此相关，应建立新的词义观。