Social Work and the Treatment of Substance Abuse in Israel

SUMMARY

This paper examines the role of the social worker within the field of substance abuse in Israel at the start of the 21st century, its implications for the profession, and the training of its practitioners. Addiction to psychoactive substances is viewed as a bio-psycho-social phenomenon caused by a wide variety of factors and the respective interactions between them, placing it within the realm of the expertise of the social worker. The social worker plays a central role in providing both administrative and clinical interventions with this population. Additional ways in which the education and training of social workers can prepare them to deal more efficiently and comprehensively with the problem of substance abuse in both practical and academic terms is discussed.     

Professional discourse in winning images: objectivity and professional boundaries in environmental news images in the World Press Photo contest, 1992–2011

This article applies the ecological theory of professions to analyze professional discourse in the World Press Photo (WPP) contest, an international photojournalism contest held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The article analyzes the content of 148 photojournalism works that received environmental awards in the period 1992 to 2011, the two decades after the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. The article seeks to understand the representation and negotiation of objectivity and the claims of professional boundaries by the media of both developed and developing countries as well as non-governmental organizations (NGOs). It also seeks to interpret the professional discourse of the WPP in relation to ideologies and power dynamics in both journalism and global environmental politics. The results suggested that the media of developed countries dominated the discourse, and the conventional notion of journalistic objectivity remained intact. However, the results also showed that global environmental politics and the situation of journalism created openings for the media of developing countries and NGOs to enlarge jurisdictional claims in the area of natural disaster reporting and to challenge the conventional notion of objectivity. The results also showed that the conventional notion of objectivity did not necessarily hinder explanations of the complexity of environmental issues, which was made possible by choosing unique angles of storytelling, planning multiple shots, and using richly suggestive, naturalistic images.     

沈阳市铁西区低收入家庭生活状况分析及改善对策

为了解低收入家庭的生活状况,沈阳市铁西区民政局于2006年3—6月间开展了一次规模较大的、以"低收入家庭"为对象的社会调查。根据调查的数据,从低收入家庭的收入结构、户别结构、住房结构、主要收入来源、年支出构成等十个方面研究了低收入家庭的基本生活状况,分析了他们致贫的原因,如无稳定收入、子女就学压力大、医疗性支出较大等。为改善低收入家庭的生活状况,应采用"全方位、专项梯度救助和救助主体多元化"的社会救助政策,具体包括开展全方位培训、创造创业机会、实施专项梯度救助、扩大保险的覆盖面、动员社会力量参与社会救助等。     

论元散曲中屈原评价的文化意义

元人对屈原基本上都是持一种嘲讽的态度。这种价值评判的形成 ,与元人的生存环境有着非常直接的关系。价值向度的变形来自于生存环境的险恶。同时 ,与历史上对屈原的消极评价也不无关联     

论契诃夫对曹禺戏剧形式的影响——思考之一:“生活化”的形式意义

对日常生活琐事的反映 ,是一种“生活化”的形式追求。它不仅使曹禺剧作在戏剧形式上产生了飞跃 ,更使其内在意蕴变得深沉浑厚 :它使曹禺剧作中弥漫着对“人生琐事的悲剧性”的揭示 ,从而赋予其剧作以浓烈的哲理意味、复杂的文化意蕴与普遍的人性观照。而“生活化”所营造的平静舒缓的节奏 ,更使观众获得了广阔的思维空间     

Issues in Promoting Adult Foster Care as an Option to Institutionalization

Adult foster care is a semi-institutional living arrangement that stresses the importance of providing care in a family-like environment. This article examines the concept of adult foster care and some of the issues relevant to the development of such programs. Policy issues related to the implementation of programs are also discussed. As a unique option to institutionalization, adult foster care has much to offer if certain barriers can be eliminated or minimized.     

中国恩格尔系数下降原因新探

在使用恩格尔系数评价某个国家或地区某个阶段的生活贫富状况时，要结合恩格尔系数的具体影响因素，分清其下降的真正原因。论文从恩格尔系数的计算公式出发，认为它的基本影响因素是物价、品种数、各种消费品或劳务的购买量。利用因子分析法分析了导致居民恩格尔系数下降的五种可能的原因，并联系实际具体阐释。     

Effects of a multimodal activation program (SimA-P) in residents of nursing homes

Is it possible to maintain or even enhance functional and cognitive independence in residents of nursing homes? Little is known about the potentials and limits of therapeutic methods designed to maintain independence in elderly people already in need of residential nursing care. The aim of the “Rehabilitation in Nursing Homes” research project was to determine the practicability and effectiveness of a rehabilitative approach targeting residents of nursing homes. The main objectives of the activation program were to maintain and enhance residents’ cognitive and functional autonomy. Data on psychological, functional, and medical variables were obtained from a sample of 294 nursing home residents (age range?=?70–99 years) at three points of measurement over a 12-month period. The intervention approach draws on the theoretical and practical findings of the SimA Study (“Bedingungen der Erhaltung und Förderung von Selbstständigkeit im höheren Lebensalter,” “conditions on maintaining and supporting independent living in old age”; Oswald et al., Z. Gerontopsychol. Psychiatr., 15:61–84, 2002, Z. Gerontopsychol. Psychiatr., 15:13–31, 2002) and incorporates the results of recent therapeutic and rehabilitative studies in the fields of geriatrics and gerontopsychiatry. The intervention involves a combined program of cognitive and physical activation. An alternative program based on biographical information was designed specifically for residents with dementia. Results show that the intervention had significant effects on cognitive and functional parameters. Moreover, transfer effects were observed with respect to activities of daily living and frequency of falls.     

森林对人类生存的重要影响

森林与人类生存密切相关，森林为人类提供生物资源及适宜的生态环境．人类应该停止毁坏森林并自觉保护森林，实施可持续发展战略．