新世纪以来大学题材长篇小说的基本类型

在当代文学领域，大学题材长篇小说创作长期处于边缘位置，直至进入新世纪，该类作品才大量出现。根据文本内容与现实生活的距离以及不同的艺术手法，可以将这些文本大致划分为三种类型：回忆型、体验型和想象型，其中后两者在内容方面有一定交互性，但在创作技法上却有显著不同，想象型文本虽也有现实底色，但艺术手法更为夸张。这三种类型的出现，既有文学题材自身的原因，也与作家们的身份和经历、文学自身艺术手法的多样以及日益宽松的创作环境有关。     

Ethical living: relinking ethics and consumption through care in Chile and Brazil

Mainstream conceptualizations of ‘ethical consumption’ equate the notion with conscious, individual, market‐mediated choices motivated by ethical or political aims that transcend ordinary concerns. Drawing on recent sociology and anthropology of consumption literature on the links between ordinary ethics and ethical consumption, this article discusses some of the limitations of this conceptualization. Using data from 32 focus groups conducted in Chile and Brazil, we propose a conceptualization of ethical consumption that does not centre on individual, market‐mediated choices but understands it at the level of practical outcomes, which we refer to as different forms of ‘ethical living’. To do that, we argue, we need to depart from the deontological understanding of ethics that underpins mainstream approaches to ethical consumption and adopt a more consequentialist view focusing on ethical outcomes. We develop these points through describing one particular ordinary moral regime that seemed to be predominant in participants’ accounts of ethics and consumption in both Chile and Brazil: one that links consumption and ethics through care. We show that the moral regime of care leads to ‘ethical outcomes’, such as energy saving or limiting overconsumption, yet contrary to the mainstream view of ethical consumption emphasizing politicized choice expressed through markets, these result from following ordinary ethics, often through routines of practices.     

志怪小说概念的发生

"志怪"与"小说"两词在《庄子》中各处不同语境,含义及用意皆有差异:"志怪"处于论证语境,用为论据;"小说"处于比较语境,成为贬义。它们在汉代之后先后变成目录学领域的类别概念,小说属子部,志怪先附史部后又退至子部。由于两类作品都存在虚构性,后代史家据此便将它们归为一类,从而生成新的类别概念:志怪小说。     

巴金的矛盾及其与巴金小说艺术变迁的关系

巴金的小说创作与他的自我矛盾密切相关,这种矛盾包括无政府主义思想的"极性"特征与现实的矛盾,以及巴金的生命体验与无政府主义信仰本身的矛盾。以某种形式解决这些矛盾,不仅是巴金接受世界、认同自我的前提,也是贯穿他创作过程的一个最核心的个人化课题。巴金通过小说艺术处理其自我矛盾的方式变化,对他小说的创作类型及风格变迁有深刻的影响。     

古典家具的“分”与“融”对现代设计的启示

弃“席”而“坐”居住方式的重大变革是中国古典家具“分”与“融”的主要根源。以楚式家具、宋式家具、明清家具为代表，在矮型家具向高型家具的演变进程中，家具突显出在功能、阶级风格上的“分离”和以消除与居住方式的分歧为目的的式样上的“融合”。其中的“分”与“融”，对现代设计中如何把握产品功能、设计元素、品牌文化的“取”“舍”尺度问题具有重要启示。     

Chapter 5 Impacts of Profit Status of Assisted Living Facilities

Abstract

Florida is a bellwether state in terms of the need for assisted living among elderly persons and has more than 2,000 of the nation's estimated 11,459 assisted living facilities (ALFs). The authors of this article surveyed 140 ALFs in Florida in order to examine the relationship of profit status to ownership of other facilities, willingness to serve low income groups, formal policies, and persons involved in decisions about resident retention. Significant differences were found between for-profit and non-profit facilities in terms of ownership of nursing homes and resident involvement in retention decisions. A discussion of how the profit motive and formal policies can impact residents concludes the article.     

姜敬爱与萧红小说语言描写艺术之比较

姜敬爱与萧红小说语言均具质朴、细腻、清新、明丽之特质,但在遣词造句上,前者酷爱拟声叠词,后者善用奇语散句;在五觉运用上,前者的嗅觉描写丰富而细腻,后者的通感手法精当而奇特;在辞格使用上,两者都擅长比喻、拟人、排比、反复等,但描写的角度不同,效果也不同。作为创作时代与创作语境极为相似的作家,姜敬爱与萧红小说语言描写的不同主要源于作家创作个性的差异和她们对语言艺术的独特追求。     

Childless Elders in Assisted Living: Findings from the Maryland Assisted Living Study

We compared data drawn from a random sample of 399 current assisted living residents and a subsample of 222 newly admitted residents for two groups: childless residents and residents with children. The percentage of childless residents (26%) in our study was slightly higher than U.S. population estimates of childless individuals aged 65 years and older (20%). In the overall sample, the two groups differed significantly by age, race, and women's years of education. The childless group was slightly younger, had a higher percentage of African American residents, and had more years of education than the group with children. In the subsample, we looked at demographic, functional, financial, and social characteristics and found that childless residents reported fewer diagnoses of dementia and fewer visits from a relative but more reported paying less money per month for assisted living and having private insurance than residents with children. As childlessness among older adults continues to increase, it will become increasingly important to understand how child status affects the need for and experience of long-term care.     

SPECIAL ISSUE： ONLINE LITERATURE IN CHINA： PRESENT SITUATION AND THEORETICAL REFLECTIONS Online Writing in the Course of Discourse Transformation： A Review of Ten Outstanding Online Novels of the Past Decade

中国当代文学阅读层面上的价值认同正在经受前所未有的挑战。特别是新世纪以来，新的写作群体、写作方式不断涌现，使固有的理论批评体系遭到撞击、被撕裂，从而导致理论批评不时出现失语现象。随着网络文学的迅猛发展，非主流文学在阅读与消费环节中的影响日益增强，这就使得上述问题转化成了新的矛盾——互相不能包容的阅读隔膜。十多年来，网络上产生了海量的小说文本，逐渐形成了二十多种类型；本文兼顾时间跨度和创作类型，遴选了十年中不同类型的十部佳作，并针对它们区别于纸质媒体的艺术审美和创作特点进行了述评。     

伊宁市民族居住格局和民族关系

本文以伊宁市民族居住格局为研究对象,通过对伊宁市建城沿革和维、汉、回、哈民族居住史的回顾及对伊宁市的民族居住格局及其变迁状况的调查研究,分析、探讨了影响伊宁市民族居住格局变迁的因素,并在此基础上来研究伊宁市的民族关系.