Assessment of delay factors in construction of sport facilities through multi criteria decision making

Abstract

The construction of sports facilities widened drastically as the number of sport events gradually increased during the last two decades in the global environment. The requirements of International Federations to host these sports events impact the construction of these facilities. Construction complexity, budget and time constraints and pressure from the project stakeholders play an important role on delivery time of such facilities. The aim of this paper is to identify and evaluate the most significant delay factors that affecting the delivery of sport projects worldwide. From previous literatures and one-to-one meetings with technical experts, a list of 37 delays attributes were identified. These factors were categorised in 8 groups and distributed through an online questionnaire portal to sport facility professionals. 101 completed responses were collected and analysed through different ranking approaches and multi criteria decision making methods (Relative Importance Index (RII), Spearman’s Rank Correlation, T-Test and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The analysis of AHP concluded that “low level of consultant experience”, “low level of contractor experience”, “shortage of construction materials” and “difficulties in financing the project by contractor” were the most critical delay factors, while “delays related to contractor capabilities” was the most critical delay group. The value of this paper is to provide the industry professionals with the most significant delay factors in construction of sports facilities to take proper managerial actions to reduce delays.     

On the natural restrictions in the singular Gauss–Markov model

A Gauss–Markov model is said to be singular if the covariance matrix of the observable random vector in the model is singular. In such a case, there exist some natural restrictions associated with the observable random vector and the unknown parameter vector in the model. In this paper, we derive through the matrix rank method a necessary and sufficient condition for a vector of parametric functions to be estimable, and necessary and sufficient conditions for a linear estimator to be unbiased in the singular Gauss–Markov model. In addition, we give some necessary and sufficient conditions for the ordinary least-square estimator (OLSE) and the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) under the model to satisfy the natural restrictions.      

明茨洛夫会见过的三位唐努乌梁海上层人物

1914年,俄国官员明茨洛夫前往唐努乌梁海进行侦察活动,为沙俄吞并唐努乌梁海作准备.明茨洛夫此行分别会见了萨拉吉克旗总管、克穆齐克旗总管及克旗堪布大喇嘛.本文考述了这三位唐努乌梁海上层人物的情况.     

Spurious Inference in Reduced‐Rank Asset‐Pricing Models

This note studies some seemingly anomalous results that arise in possibly misspecified, reduced‐rank linear asset‐pricing models estimated by the continuously updated generalized method of moments. When a spurious factor (that is, a factor that is uncorrelated with the returns on the test assets) is present, the test for correct model specification has asymptotic power that is equal to the nominal size. In other words, applied researchers will erroneously conclude that the model is correctly specified even when the degree of misspecification is arbitrarily large. The rejection probability of the test for overidentifying restrictions typically decreases further in underidentified models where the dimension of the null space is larger than 1.     

民族地区碳排放效应分析与低碳经济发展

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墓葬情境分析与身份标识:以博罗横岭山墓地为例

文章旨在通过横岭山墓地的个案研究讨论墓地情境分析方法,对考古学如何透物见人进行思考。通过情境分析确认了横岭山墓地中一些作为身份标识物的限制性器物,进而探讨当时的社会身份和等级以及性别等社会组织状况,对了解先秦时期百越族社会历史状况有一定参考价值。     

底层视角:对中国社会学发展取向的一点思考

文章简要回顾了改革开放以来社会学作为一门学科的重建和发展的历程,结合在学习和实践中遇到的问题,认为底层视角是当前中国社会学进一步开拓其研究范围,确立自己独特地位和价值,为本学科寻找和创造更大发展空间和拓展的途径和良机之一.     

我国行政效率低下的制度性原因与制度创新

邓小平早就一针见血地指出,我国的行政效率低下,“制度问题更带有根本性”。邓小平的分析启示着我们深入探讨我国行政效率低下的具体的制度性原因:政府职能不清、机构庞杂;行政法制不健全、“人治”现象严重;公共服务社会化程度低、竞争动力不足。现状的根本性改变只能通过制度性的变革予以实现,包括转变政府职能,强化行政监督、引入激励机制、更新管理手段。     

加速企业技术改造 走出微利经济

近年来 ,我国经济领域出现了微利经济问题。其中 ,企业技术改造缓慢是形成微利经济的重要原因。之所以导致企业技术改造缓慢 ,是因为一方面企业技术改造投入相对不足 ,另一方面企业技术改造效益差。加速企业技术改造的途径有五 :一是政府高度重视 ;二是有关部门出台鼓励企业技术改造的政策 ;三是企业加大技术改造投入 ;四是拓宽融资渠道 ;五是完善技术改造中介体系