英语边缘介词的探讨

英语界对摫咴到榇蕯的提法较模糊，尚无系统的阐述，文章通过对其定义、特点和分类进行较全面的分析，尤其是对边缘介词中最活跃的部分棗分词介词作了细致探讨，旨在唤起英语工作者和读者关注此类摫咴禂词的存在，并掌握英语边缘介词的使用规律．     

虚拟城市及其基本特征

虚拟城市就是人类利用虚拟技术构建的最具规模的虚拟现实 ,主要指谓塞博空间和塞博时间中的城市 ,本质上是一种信息化城市。它能为现实城市创造更多的新空间 ,包括新的工业园、科技园、电子产业基地。在虚拟城市中 ,由于电子通信系统的发展 ,使人类日常生活发生许多质的改变。它将推动未来巨型城市的形成与发展 ,给人类创造更多、更美好的生存空间。     

中国城镇居民10年消费结构变化实证研究

通过运用扩展线性支出系统模型(ELES)对城镇居民边际消费倾向和需求收入弹性进行实证研究，得出我国城镇居民满足吃、穿为主的生存型消费需求阶段已经结束，逐步向以发展型和享受型阶段过渡．同时预测恩格尔系数会继续下降，高层次消费项目将成为新的消费增长点．最后针对我国城镇居民消费结构变化提出政策性建议．     

A Mixed Model Approach for Geoadditive Hazard Regression

Abstract.  Mixed model based approaches for semiparametric regression have gained much interest in recent years, both in theory and application. They provide a unified and modular framework for penalized likelihood and closely related empirical Bayes inference. In this article, we develop mixed model methodology for a broad class of Cox-type hazard regression models where the usual linear predictor is generalized to a geoadditive predictor incorporating non-parametric terms for the (log-)baseline hazard rate, time-varying coefficients and non-linear effects of continuous covariates, a spatial component, and additional cluster-specific frailties. Non-linear and time-varying effects are modelled through penalized splines, while spatial components are treated as correlated random effects following either a Markov random field or a stationary Gaussian random field prior. Generalizing existing mixed model methodology, inference is derived using penalized likelihood for regression coefficients and (approximate) marginal likelihood for smoothing parameters. In a simulation we study the performance of the proposed method, in particular comparing it with its fully Bayesian counterpart using Markov chain Monte Carlo methodology, and complement the results by some asymptotic considerations. As an application, we analyse leukaemia survival data from northwest England.     

摄影文学：徜徉于图像与文字之间的边缘文体

摄影与文学的联姻对艺术意味着综合性的某种复兴,它为读者提供视觉与心灵上的美感和愉悦。摄影文学作为一种自在的边缘文体具有其独特的审美个性,创作主体用情感的链条将抽象符号与具象符号加以熔铸和化合,或传达情思,或营造意境,或寓含象征,从而构成具有内质生命的新的完整形象,展现出特殊的艺术表达效果。     

论杜甫的边缘焦虑及其影响

边缘焦虑是杜甫人格构成的重要因素。边缘焦虑限制了杜甫对理想自我的设计和追求 ,使其社会生活呈现以官府为中心的显著特征 ;边缘焦虑还培植了杜甫的京城情结 ,促进其诗歌创作与社会现实和国家政治生活紧密关联。     

Efficient Estimation in Marginal Partially Linear Models for Longitudinal/Clustered Data Using Splines

Abstract.  We consider marginal semiparametric partially linear models for longitudinal/clustered data and propose an estimation procedure based on a spline approximation of the non-parametric part of the model and an extension of the parametric marginal generalized estimating equations (GEE). Our estimates of both parametric part and non-parametric part of the model have properties parallel to those of parametric GEE, that is, the estimates are efficient if the covariance structure is correctly specified and they are still consistent and asymptotically normal even if the covariance structure is misspecified. By showing that our estimate achieves the semiparametric information bound, we actually establish the efficiency of estimating the parametric part of the model in a stronger sense than what is typically considered for GEE. The semiparametric efficiency of our estimate is obtained by assuming only conditional moment restrictions instead of the strict multivariate Gaussian error assumption.     

试论语用意义实现过程中的文化内涵

语言的使用是一种文化行为。一方面,一个人与另一个人的交际是通过语言行为来实现的;另一方面,语言使用者共建了社会角色,而社会角色反过来又把语言使用者限定在一个话语区内。在不同的文化中,这些语言行为表达的方式是不一样的。     

论企业人力资源配置

针对目前国有大型企业缺乏资本和科技人才,而又存在人员冗余的现象,运用西方经济学的边际理论论述企业如何合理配置资源,调整人力资源结构,扩大投资,使资源配置达到均衡,实现企业追求利润最大化的目的.     

Regression Estimation Using Multivariate Failure Time Data and a Common Baseline Hazard Function Model

Recent ‘marginal’ methods for the regression analysis of multivariate failure time data have mostly assumed Cox (1972)model hazard functions in which the members of the cluster have distinct baseline hazard functions. In some important applications, including sibling family studies in genetic epidemiology and group randomized intervention trials, a common baseline hazard assumption is more natural. Here we consider a weighted partial likelihood score equation for the estimation of regression parameters under a common baseline hazard model, and provide corresponding asymptotic distribution theory. An extensive series of simulation studies is used to examine the adequacy of the asymptotic distributional approximations, and especially the efficiency gain due to weighting, as a function of strength of dependency within cluster, and cluster size. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.