对偶婚姻的均衡分析

通过动物繁殖和生存的经济学均衡分析后认为 ,繁殖和生存的边际产品转换率MRT♀♂ 在不同动物种群和同一种群不同动物个体的变化 ,可形成一妻多夫、一夫多妻和一夫一妻 3种形式的对偶婚姻。人类不同形式的对偶婚姻不仅仅是一种生物学上的适应 (本能 ) ,而且也是一种文化上的适应(智能 ) ,也和动物婚姻一样符合经济规律。     

捆绑策略对于低性能产品引入的价值

如何将低性能产品(低吸引力产品)引入现有高性能产品进行销售已成为企业关注的重要问题,尤其是当低性能产品具有各种边际成本结构以及顾客表现为在更长时间域理性选择购买时机的行为时.研究了捆绑策略对于低性能产品引入的价值,考虑了不引入低性能产品(只销售高性能产品)的基准策略以及引入低性能产品(同时销售两种产品)的完全捆绑策略、分开销售策略与混合捆绑策略.结论显示:当低性能产品的边际成本较低以及与高性能产品之间的竞食性较强时,不引入低性能产品对企业更有利.当低性能产品具有中等(较低)边际成本且与高性能产品之间的竞食性较弱时,企业应当采用混合捆绑策略引入低性能产品.此外,还分析了完全捆绑策略与分开销售策略的适用范围.     

我国宏观经济乘数效应的实证分析

近年来,由于居民边际消费倾向急剧下降,我国宏观经济乘数效应几乎消失,投资对国民经济的推动作用越来越差。促进经济发展必须想方设法提高居民边际消费倾向,降低边际进口倾向和税费率。     

单一税思想及对我国个人所得税改革的启示

单一税是20世纪80年代初美国经济学家罗伯特.霍尔和阿尔文.拉布什卡针对繁琐的美国联邦所得税而提出的税制改革主张。单一税思想有三个显著特征:单一税率、消费税基和"整洁的"税基。我国正处于制度变迁进程中,面临着税制改革深化的重要课题。"他山之石,可以攻玉。"在检视既有的改革历程,总结自己的经验教训的同时,立足我国国情,分析和借鉴单一税思想,将有益于我国制度的顺利转型和税制设计的前瞻性。     

从边缘化人物看女性的失语——小说《井》的女性主义解读

小说<井>是澳大利亚当代著名小说家伊丽莎白·乔利的一部重要著作,反映了边缘化人物的生活和思想状态.本文从女性主义角度出发,从三个方面对小说进行解读:女性与父权的对立和屈从,女性与男性的对立和反叛,女性与自我的认同与分裂.小说的社会意义在于揭露了男权中心文化体系对女性的压制和迫害,表达了女性追求平等和自我的强烈愿望.     

浅析我国农业保险的路径依赖

文章以边际理论与博弈论为分析工具 ,分析了我国农业保险商品需求不足、供给有限的成因 ,探讨了政府、保险公司与农民三者之间的博弈及其均衡 ,指出实现政府、保险公司和农民三赢的策略是 :国家制定法律促使政府启动政策性农业保险 ,启动资金通过发行国债筹集 ;农业保险实行商业化运作 ,政府仅提供政策支持 ,对农民进行直接保费补贴 ,对保险公司进行税收减免 ;通过利益诱导机制 ,将农民推向保险公司 ,将保险公司引向农业。     

Modeling Two-state Disease Processes with Random Effects

Many chronic medical conditions are manifested by alternating sojourns in symptom-free and symptomatic states. In many cases, in addition to their relapsing and remitting nature, these conditions lead to worsening disease patterns over time and may exhibit seasonal trends. We develop a mixed-effect two-state model for such disease processes in which covariate effects are modeled multiplicatively on transition intensities. The transition intensities, in turn, are functions of three time scales: the semi-Markov scale involving the backward recurrence time for the cyclical component, the Markov scale for the time trend component, and a seasonal time scale. Multiplicative bivariate log-normal random effects are introduced to accommodate heterogeneity in disease activity between subjects and to admit a possible negative correlation between the transition intensities. Maximum likelihood estimation is carried out using Gauss-Hermite integration and a standard Newton-Raphson procedure. Tests of homogeneity are presented based on score statistics. An application of the methodology to data from a multi-center clinical trial of chronic bronchitis is provided for illustrative purposes.     

Approximations for marginal densities of M-estimators

We develop a saddle-point approximation for the marginal density of a real-valued function p(), where is a general M-estimator of a p-dimensional parameter, that is, the solution of the system {n^-1_ljl (Y_l,) = 0}_j=1,…,p. The approximation is applied to several regression problems and yields very good accuracy for small samples. This enables us to compare different classes of estimators according to their finite-sample properties and to determine when asymptotic approximations are useful in practice.     

On a class of bivariate mixed Sarmanov distributions

Multivariate distributions are more and more used to model the dependence encountered in many fields. However, classical multivariate distributions can be restrictive by their nature, while Sarmanov's multivariate distribution, by joining different marginals in a flexible and tractable dependence structure, often provides a valuable alternative. In this paper, we introduce some bivariate mixed Sarmanov distributions with the purpose to extend the class of bivariate Sarmanov distributions and to obtain new dependency structures. Special attention is paid to the bivariate mixed Sarmanov distribution with Poisson marginals and, in particular, to the resulting bivariate Sarmanov distributions with negative binomial and with Poisson‐inverse Gaussian marginals; these particular types of mixed distributions have possible applications in, for example modelling bivariate count data. The extension to higher dimensions is also discussed. Moreover, concerning the dependency structure, we also present some correlation formulas.     

Testing the homogeneous marginal utility of income assumption

We develop a test for the hypothesis that every agent from a population of heterogeneous consumers has the same marginal utility of income function. This homogeneous marginal utility of income (HMUI) assumption is often (implicitly) used in applied demand studies because it has nice aggregation properties and facilitates welfare analysis. If the HMUI assumption holds, we can also identify the common marginal utility of income function. We apply our results using a U.S. cross sectional dataset on food consumption.