北流白话的介词及其用法

文章通过与现代汉语普通话介词的比较,确定了北流白话介词的数量和类型,并且比较全面地描写了北流白话的17个介词。     

Learning from a lot: Empirical Bayes for high‐dimensional model‐based prediction

Empirical Bayes is a versatile approach to “learn from a lot” in two ways: first, from a large number of variables and, second, from a potentially large amount of prior information, for example, stored in public repositories. We review applications of a variety of empirical Bayes methods to several well‐known model‐based prediction methods, including penalized regression, linear discriminant analysis, and Bayesian models with sparse or dense priors. We discuss “formal” empirical Bayes methods that maximize the marginal likelihood but also more informal approaches based on other data summaries. We contrast empirical Bayes to cross‐validation and full Bayes and discuss hybrid approaches. To study the relation between the quality of an empirical Bayes estimator and p, the number of variables, we consider a simple empirical Bayes estimator in a linear model setting. We argue that empirical Bayes is particularly useful when the prior contains multiple parameters, which model a priori information on variables termed “co‐data”. In particular, we present two novel examples that allow for co‐data: first, a Bayesian spike‐and‐slab setting that facilitates inclusion of multiple co‐data sources and types and, second, a hybrid empirical Bayes–full Bayes ridge regression approach for estimation of the posterior predictive interval.     

企业职工持股计划有效性的经济分析

以能否调动职工的工作积极性为标准,从个人效用最大化和企业效益最大化的角度,通过建立数学模型,探讨了职工持股计划的有效性,认为职工持股计划与企业员工的偏好,职工持股比例,工作交率及绩效工资的激励程度有关.     

多丽丝·莱辛小说中边缘人的社会写真

作为一名坚持文学社会功能的作家,莱辛的文学创作一直直面现实,关注被主流社会所遗忘的边缘人物。莱辛代表性作品中不同的边缘人书写有：非洲殖民地黑人﹑白人的生存困境;问题孩子对家人﹑社会关爱的渴求;及老年人生理﹑精神关爱的双重缺失。莱辛对不同层面边缘人的社会写真彰显了她的文学道德和责任感。     

动词后的方位介词“著”的语法化路径

前人关于＂著＂的研究多集中在探讨其作为持续体标记的演化过程的探讨。动词后的方位介词＂著＂的讨论多只是附带说明。鉴于动词后的方位介词＂著＂的演化与持续体标记＂著＂的来源有密切关系,而前人研究又有待深入,本文通过对先秦、汉代、六朝文献材料的考察和梳理,尝试对中古动词后的方位介词＂著＂的语法化路径作出重释。     

日本对华直接投资的产业转移特征及趋势分析

通过分析20世纪日本对华直接投资的产业分布特征及新世纪的产业转移趋势,研究从政策上对日本对华直接投资加以正确的引导,以优化我国产业结构,提高我国的国际竞争力。     

Joint GEEs for multivariate correlated data with incomplete binary outcomes

This study considers a fully-parametric but uncongenial multiple imputation (MI) inference to jointly analyze incomplete binary response variables observed in a correlated data settings. Multiple imputation model is specified as a fully-parametric model based on a multivariate extension of mixed-effects models. Dichotomized imputed datasets are then analyzed using joint GEE models where covariates are associated with the marginal mean of responses with response-specific regression coefficients and a Kronecker product is accommodated for cluster-specific correlation structure for a given response variable and correlation structure between multiple response variables. The validity of the proposed MI-based JGEE (MI-JGEE) approach is assessed through a Monte Carlo simulation study under different scenarios. The simulation results, which are evaluated in terms of bias, mean-squared error, and coverage rate, show that MI-JGEE has promising inferential properties even when the underlying multiple imputation is misspecified. Finally, Adolescent Alcohol Prevention Trial data are used for illustration.     

句式中介词结构漂移的语篇语用解释

句式具有语篇功能,语篇功能制约句法结构。文章主要考察了否定句、假设句、条件句、时间状语从句句中介词结构的分布,这些句式在语篇中具有非现实性,不在叙述的主线上,属于背景信息,具有低及物性的特点。介词结构在小句中的漂移受及物性决定,高及物性的小句中介词结构位于动词后,而低及物性的小句中介词结构位于动词前。通过溯因推理,介词结构在这些特殊句式中只能处在主谓之间,处在动词之后不合语法。研究发现,真实语篇语料的考察证实了这一推测。     

自然资源经济学的难解之题——水资源价格与节约的冲突

日益短缺的水资源面临的价格与节约的冲突,成为自然资源经济学的一个难解之题：水资源严重短缺的趋势,需要通过价格调整其分配与消费,而作为公用事业产品的生活用水,价格的长期粘性不利于水资源节约。提出这个问题,意在提示人们共同探讨破解这一难题的方法。     

Estimation of the marginal expected shortfall under asymptotic independence

We study the asymptotic behavior of the marginal expected shortfall when the two random variables are asymptotic independent but positively associated, which is modeled by the so-called tail dependent coefficient. We construct an estimator of the marginal expected shortfall, which is shown to be asymptotically normal. The finite sample performance of the estimator is investigated in a small simulation study. The method is also applied to estimate the expected amount of rainfall at a weather station given that there is a once every 100 years rainfall at another weather station nearby.