从异化劳动到性别异化——马克思异化理论的发展

马克思在《1844年经济学——哲学手稿》中第一次全面、系统地阐述了“异化劳动”理论,在《德意志意识形态》中又从实践、从现实的生活条件进一步理解异化,发展了异化劳动的理论;《资本论》对异化劳动的产生及在生产、流通直到分配等各个方面的异化逐一作了具体分析,是马克思异化思想的进一步深入发展。马克思主义女性主义者借鉴了马克思的异化理论,并将其运用于家庭和私人生活领域,创造性地提出了性别异化理论,性别异化理论可以说是马克思异化劳动理论在资本主义社会新阶段的发展。马克思主义女性主义者将异化拓展到家务劳动、两性关系、思想意识领域,并通过由异化所导致的妇女社会地位的分析,最后提出了要消除异化实现妇女解放的道路和途径。      

类后现代叙事与20世纪90年代女性“个人化写作”

20世纪90年代女性“个人化写作”是中国当代小说中较为独特的文本之一,按照叙事学的理论,其主要表征是使用后现代的叙事策略与方法。然而,由于这种后现代手法是通过借鉴与模仿而完成的,因此,其实质应当是一种文本上的“类后现代”叙事,这种“类后现代”叙事具有反权威、拆解二元对立模式的倾向,采取“躯体描写”和“姐妹情谊”的文本策略来展示其叙事观念。在艺术上表现为对元小说的应用、破碎结构的采用和对独特语言的使用。虽然20世纪90年代女性“个人写作”在一定程度上引起了中国女性写作在文本叙述上的变革,但也存有自身的精神困境并因此走向了尽头。对此种现象我们应反思。     

后殖民语境下的女性关怀——以赛珍珠、杜拉斯为例

在当今文化研究视野中,后殖民主义和女权主义都属于反对文化霸权、维护弱势与边缘群体的少数话语。前者从单一的民族文化来反对霸权,后者从单一的性别视角来界定霸权,二者各有侧重,各有局限。赛珍珠、杜拉斯作为具有东西双重文化身份的西方女性作家,后殖民主义和女权主义在其作品中实现了有效的联合,她们的努力无疑也是反对双重话语霸权的积极探索。     

针对女性家庭暴力的女权主义解读

针对女性家庭暴力普遍存在且一直缺乏有效规制这一现象,女权主义认为针对女性的家庭暴力是男女不平等的权力关系的产物,是对妇女人权的侵犯,是公私领域的二元划分以及对妇女利益的忽视导致法律在家庭领域的缺席。预防和制止家庭暴力必须重视妇女赋权和社会性别平等。     

中国当代女性主义文学思潮的流变

从性别复苏到话语自觉,从父权解构到主体建构,从女权理论到文学实践,是中国当代女性主义文学思潮生成、发展、流变的重要特征和基本内容。在这一强劲思潮的推动和鼓舞之下,当代女性文学的话语空间得到极大拓展,女性写作新的审美机制得以初步建立,女性的自我主体意识和人格价值亦得到进一步体认,实现了自五四女性主义文学思潮之后的又一轮更高层次更大规模的女权启蒙。     

从托尼·莫里森作品看美国黑人精神生态

精神生态研究主要是关注人自身“精神圈”这一内自然的生态平衡,并探索精神生态失衡的文化和社会因素。在《最蓝的眼睛》、《秀拉》、《宠儿》三部作品中,托尼·莫里森塑造了美国黑人社会一系列悲剧人物形象,悲剧的因素包括“黑人性”的丧失与母爱的扭曲：在《最蓝的眼睛》中,黑人社区在白人强势文化面前迷失自我,丢弃“黑人性”,酿成了佩科拉一家的悲剧;在《秀拉》中,秀拉抛弃“黑人性”,蔑视黑人传统,给黑人社区带来了灾难;《宠儿》中塞丝杀死亲生女儿,《秀拉》中伊娃杀死深爱的儿子,都是扭曲的母爱带来的毁灭。如此种种,都折射出美国黑人精神生态的危机状况。     

“见不到阳光的女人”--论杨绛短篇小说中的女性书写

由于受到西方女权主义文学批评的影响,从20世纪70年代末到80年代初,中国文坛上不断涌现出了诸多的女性写作者,杨绛就是其中的一位。在杨绛的短篇小说中,不仅深刻蕴含着作者对女性意识的探讨,同时也有对以男权话语为中心建构的社会秩序不合理性的批判,以及她试图消解男权文化传统的努力。     

Writing resistance together

This piece of writing is a joint initiative by the participants in the Gender, Work and Organization writing workshop organized in Helsinki, Finland, in June 2019. This is a particular form of writing differently. We engage in collective writing and embody what it means to write resistance to established academic practices and conventions together. This is a form of emancipatory initiative where we care for each other as writers and as human beings. There are many author voices and we aim to keep the text open and dialogical. As such, this piece of writing is about suppressed thoughts and feelings that our collective picket line allows us to express. In order to maintain the open‐ended nature of the text, and perhaps also to retain some ‘dirtiness’ that is essential to writing, the article has not been language checked throughout by a native speaker of English.     

Women Who Work: The limits of the neoliberal feminist paradigm

This article examines Ivanka Trump's Women Who Work, arguing that it represents the newest permutation of the neoliberal feminist subject. After providing an overview of the recent emergence of neoliberal feminism, I explain why the book should be considered part of the wider cultural landscape in which this variant of feminism has increasingly become commonsensical. I then turn to demonstrate how Women Who Work construes the ideal female subject not only as generic human capital but also incites her to invest in herself constantly, where activities ranging from professional workshops through hobbies to friendships are understood as practices that appreciate the value of the self. The conversion of women into generic rather than gendered human capital remains, however, incomplete, since the ideal of a happy work–family balance continues to serve as a push back to the wholesale erasure of traditional notions of sexual difference. Finally, I highlight that neoliberal feminism is erasing other long‐standing divisions and political differences. Not only does the private–public divide collapse, but so, too, does the distinction between one's private self and one's public enterprise as the self itself becomes an enterprise. This dual process of collapse and reconfiguration shapes the newest neoliberal feminist subject, the main protagonist of Trump's Women Who Work.     

The risks and incentives of disciplinary neoliberal feminism: the case of microfinance

This article develops an analysis of the concept of disciplinary neo-liberal feminism through a focus on gendered poverty alleviation strategies and illustrates the value of this through a discussion of microfinance. By locating this study within an analysis of the expansion of global capital accumulation, the article argues that the liberal frameworks of female empowerment and entrepreneurialism that are central to these programs and to feminism in this form, mask their underlying political, social and economic objectives. In contrast, a Marxist Feminist approach more adequately explains the interplay of class and gender that underpins poverty alleviation strategies. This article argues that in the context of financial crisis and reduced social provision, women living in poverty in the Global South were identified as targets for the expansion of global finance. Their integration into global financial networks via microfinance and other pro-poor strategies has facilitated the expansion of markets for credit while at the same time disciplining market participation through the twin forces of risk and incentive. Disciplinary neo-liberal feminism has underpinned this incorporation of women into global capital accumulation creating profound effects for households and families, with microfinance programs representing important sites of contestation for the politics of class and gender.