A cosmopolitan approach to the explanation of social change: social mechanisms,processes, modernity

In recent years social science has been characterized by a cosmopolitan turn. Of the many questions that arise from this the most important are those that concern the implications for explaining social change. While cosmopolitanism is centrally about social change, much cosmopolitan theory due to its normative orientation lacks a capacity for explanation. The problem of explanation is also a problem that besets all ‘big question’ approaches in social science. In this paper a broad definition of cosmopolitanism is given and elucidated by an outline of its epistemological, ontological and methodological frameworks. Emphasizing the latter two, a relational conception of cosmopolitanism is developed as an alternative to dispositional/agency based and systemic accounts. First I argue that there are four main kinds of cosmopolitan relationships, which together constitute the social ontology of cosmopolitanism. These are the relativization of identity, the positive recognition of the other, the mutual evaluation of cultures, and the creation of a normative world culture. A methodological framework is advanced that distinguishes between the preconditions of cosmopolitanism, its social mechanisms and processes (of which three are specified: generative, transformational and institutionalizing) and trajectories of historical change. The argument is made that cosmopolitan phenomena can be accounted for in terms of this ontological and methodological framework. The advantage of this approach is that it offers cosmopolitan analysis a macro level account of social change that is broadly explanatory and which can also account for both the diachronic and synchronic levels of the emergence of cosmopolitanism as both a counter‐factual normative cultural model and as a part of social and political practices and institutional arrangements.     

International transmission of monetary and global commodity price shocks to Turkey

This paper explores the international transmission mechanisms on the macroeconomic and monetary variables of Turkey and hence proposes some particular policy implications. The effects of monetary shocks stemming from the U.S. and the European area, and global commodity price shocks are investigated using a structural vector auto-regression (SVAR) approach. For the analysis, we use monthly data from 2002M01 to 2016M06 and we analyze the transmission mechanism in Turkey using two different SVAR model specifications. Our results reveal that shocks coming from the U.S. and the Euro area lead to significantly different responses on industrial production, consumer prices, real effective exchange rates, and the domestic interest rate, with the Euro area monetary expansion having more explicit and positive effects on the real economy. The global commodity price shocks affect the Turkish macroeconomic variables in a similar but much less powerful fashion than that of the U.S. monetary expansion. As our empirical findings point out that the Turkish economy is vulnerable to global monetary and commodity price shocks. This vulnerability necessitates moving to a sustainable growth path consistent with a sustainable current account balance and a sustainable private and government debt coupled with a strengthened macroprudential regime and comprehensive structural reforms.     

科学家参与中小学理科课程标准制定的作用机理

中小学科学教育是科技界和教育界共同的责任。知识与价值是理解科学家参与中小理科课程标准制定作用的两个核心要素;科学家参与中小学理科课程标准制定的作用在知识要素方面存在一定的局限性;科学家参与中小学理科课程标准制定,倾向于代表学术精英教育的价值观。     

主观变量解释主观变量:方法论辨析

社会学经验研究经常会需要处理诸如态度、感受、偏好这样的主观变量，无论从理论上还是方法上，对特定主观变量的理解往往会涉及另外一个主观变量。尽管如此，在具体的研究实践中，社会学者往往对“主观解释主观”的分析进路持有相当程度的保留态度，从而尽可能地采用客观变量来解释主观变量，或者探究主观变量对于客观变量的影响。“主观解释主观”的分析进路究竟有什么方法论上的“缺陷”?更为重要的是，采用什么手段可以尽可能避免这些“缺陷”以拓宽研究者的经验解释能力?这些问题到目前为止都还缺乏系统研究。在此背景下，本文考察了“主观解释主观”的分析进路所存在的混淆偏误问题，并从理论论辩、变量测量和数据分析三个方面讨论了一系列的应对策略。针对每一个应对策略，本文展示了经验实例，并对该策略的优缺点和适用情况进行了剖析和对比。此外，本文也具体分析了诸如因果关系方向、判断混淆偏误的敏感性检验、测量误差等未尽议题。本文希望通过这些讨论能增强社会学解释路径的多样性，促进社会学与其他学科（例如心理学、政治学等）的交流与互鉴。     

论高校危机管理中的预警机制

简要概述了高校危机管理的内涵,并尝试将危机预警管理引入高校管理工作,论述了构建高校危机管理预警机制的必要性,提出了建立高校危机预警系统的观点以及高校学生管理工作中危机应对策略和高校危机管理预警机制的实现途径。     

“找价”的社会学分析

“找价”是明清时期中国乡村一桩土地交易完成以后,卖主仍向买主索取加价的经济行为。本文从社会学视角,分析这一行为产生的社会背景、市场交易特点、官方对这一行为的态度及乡村土地的所有权特征,梳理“找价”被认可、规范确定和边界实现等方面的社会机制,以此解释这一现象出现和维持的合理性。     

论我国企业劳动关系协调机制的系统性与整体改革思路

企业劳动关系的系统性决定了劳动关系协调机制的整体性。当前,我国劳动关系协调机制存在许多不足,我国企业劳动关系面临的形势严峻。虽然,国内学者在劳动关系协调机制的某一方面进行了大量研究,但系统思考的少,国外学者的相关研究成果又不宜直接照搬照抄,因此,需要研究我国企业劳动关系协调机制的整体改革思路。劳资自治和多方联动是我国企业劳动关系协调机制未来发展的两种主要形式,对它们的整体改革需要制定科学合理的进程和发展目标,在劳资自治、工会民主协商、政府有限干预、社会组织参与、劳动法律法规和多方协调方面制定合理的改革举措,不断完善我国企业劳动关系协调机制。     

我国历代保护自然生态与资源的民间规约及其形成机制--以南方各少数民族的民间规约为例

该文以南方少数民族的民间规约为例,阐述了我国历代各民族保护自然生态与资源的民间规约的主要内容及形成机制。我国历代民间都有一定的由血缘、地缘、业缘等关系产生的个人对家族、个人对社会、个人对同业等的道德强制和约束,这就是我国历代各民族的传统道德规范。这种道德规范通过原始宗教仪规和民俗文化活动广泛流传,逐步积淀为具有民族文化特征的信念、伦理和公德观念,进而整合和演化为种种成文或不成文的禁规和处罚手段,在世俗层面上表现为对其社会成员的压力机制和约束机制。     

国际化双元战略驱使下知识整合机制的建立:国际知识特征的调节效应

关于知识整合前因的研究突出了知识存量和知识交流对于知识整合机制建立的影响,却未揭示出国际化双元对于知识整合机制的影响机理。将知识整合机制划分为正式整合机制和非正式整合机制,探索了国际化双元对于两种整合机制的影响,以及国际知识广度、深度和缄默性的调节效应。研究发现,国际化双元对正式知识整合机制和非正式知识整合机制均有显著正向影响;国际化双元与正式整合机制之间的关系受到国际知识广度、国际知识深度的正向调节,国际化双元与非正式整合机制之间的关系受到国际知识深度、国际知识缄默性的正向调节。研究结论对于企业实施国际化双元战略,推动建立知识整合机制具有理论意义和实践启示。