中国企业吸收能力对竞争优势的影响

以企业资源基础理论为基础,从企业吸收能力这一概念入手.剖析企业吸收能力与企业竞争优势的关系,研究组织管理机制对企业吸收能力构建和发展的影响.依据吸收能力经典文献对吸收能力的前因进行重新梳理和归类,对现有文献中各种思路有一定的整理和明示作用;通过模型的构造和分析,采用实证研究方法.在286个中国企业样本的基础上进行统计分析;通过研究两种吸收能力的4类影响因素,辨识出中国企业在吸收能力培养和发展方面的优势和弱势,通过实证方法全面衡量和验证潜在吸收能力与实际吸收能力两者之间以及两能力与企业竞争优势的关系.研究结果表明,潜在吸收能力和实际吸收能力均是中国企业竞争优势的重要来源,其中代表创新的实际吸收能力对竞争优势的贡献更大.探讨中国企业应用外部知识的特点和规律,为中国企业如何提高知识学习效果和效率提供理论根据与实践建议.     

创新活动空间集聚及其驱动因素国外研究进展评述

对国外有关创新活动空间集聚的研究文献进行梳理,分析了现有研究取得的成就和存在的问题,对未来研究的几个待突破的方面进行了展望。     

港口与区域经济互动的影响机理

港口发展会带来区域经济繁荣,区域经济发展也会带来港口吞吐量增长。对港口与区域经济之间关系的研究结果表明,区域作为港口货源生成地、港口发展空间和各类服务提供者对港口发展产生重要影响;而港口的发展从直接贡献和间接贡献两方面对区域经济产出、就业等产生正向影响,同时港口发展带来的资源争夺、污染等也会对区域发展产生负面影响。     

深化征地制度改革研究——基于保护农民土地权益视角

从保护农民土地权益的视角阐述了现行征地制度中对农民土地权益的侵害,认为政府具有侵害农民土地权益的利益冲动,且我国农民缺乏维护自身利益的土地权力基础并受到"公私"理念的桎梏,而界定公共利益和征地补偿标准存在着现实难题,这些都是征地制度中农民土地权益屡遭侵害的原因。对此,提出切实保护农民土地权益,就必须明确界定公共利益,土地市场中引入价格机制;提高征地补偿标准,完善征地补偿内容;建立失地农民社会保障体系;形成有效约束机制,建立法治政府等。     

相对贫困的内涵、测度及其治理对策

贫困问题一直是困扰全球社会发展的重大议题,消除贫困是人类的共同使命。贫困分为绝对贫困和相对贫困。但是,相对贫困作为一种社会现象将长期存在,如何解决相对贫困问题是我们目前所面临的现实而又紧迫的课题。全面审视相对贫困的内涵和测度,从制度、资本和文化等方面讨论相对贫困的影响因素,从就业和社会保障等方面分析解决相对贫困的关键环节,提出推进国家现代化建设、深化经济体制改革、完善社会保障体系和加强教育体制改革,以此为解决相对贫困问题提供制度保障、基础支撑和智力支持。     

More than self-interest: Why different classes have different attitudes to income inequality

The connection between social class and political preferences is among the most well established in the social sciences. This association is typically taken as prima facie evidence of economic self-interest: Classes hold different attitudes, values, and party preferences because they have different economic interests. However, this assumption has rarely been tested empirically. In this article, we use survey data from 18 West European countries to examine why classes differ on a central aspect of political preferences, namely their views on the desirability of income inequality. We find that only a moderate proportion of differences between employee classes in support for redistribution can be accounted for by contemporary differences in resources and risks; differences in economic interests to some degree account for the anti-redistributive preferences of the professional middle classes compared with the working class. However, the preferences of the self-employed have a different explanation; autonomy is a better explanation of the right-wing preferences of the self-employed compared with the working class.     

In search of optimal management of the purchasing–marketing interface for new product development

Abstract

Growing dependence on suppliers for production and innovation, together with increasing consumer demands, has prompted recent discussions of the importance of purchasing–marketing functional integration. However, empirical studies are needed to understand how to manage this interface within a new product development (NPD) context. This study, grounded in information processing theory, proposes a new model to classify integrating mechanisms as either information-sharing forums or optimizers. This model further postulates the greater capacity of optimizer mechanisms for improving NPD commercial and financial performance, as well as speed. The empirical results, obtained from a sample of 141 firms, show that forums only improve NPD speed, whereas optimizer mechanisms evoke better commercial and financial performance. This study therefore highlights the potential of different integrating mechanisms and contributes to the on-going debate about the very concept of functional integration itself.     

“We don’t have to talk about how I feel”: emotionality as a tool of resistance in political discourse among Israeli students – a gendered socio-linguistic perspective

This article demonstrates how the gendered patriarchal mechanisms that exclude women from the political sphere are being produced, re-produced, and challenged in interpersonal political conversations by concentrating on the discursive mechanisms that construct the way young Israeli women and men talk about politics. The research is based on a yearlong intra-group dialog process. The group met for weekly sessions during two semesters, in which the group members discussed and expressed their thoughts and feelings regarding the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) demonstrated how the political space is being marked, defined and delimited through gendered discursive practices. We present the different roles participants take in the group, and in particular the different strategies women use in face of disciplinary discursive mechanisms. The process revealed that the development in the group discussion was strongly intertwined with the change in the positioning strategies of the female participants. In particular, we found that women deployed emotionality as a tool of resistance that challenges gender binaries and masculine dominance. Our conclusion highlights the importance of the daily interactions in creating, sustaining and changing the political discourse of a society in conflict.     

Predicting susceptibility to short-term stress with the defence mechanism test

The defence mechanism test (DMT) has been of considerable value in identifying individuals who are likely to show badly impaired judgement in times of sudden stress, yet it is little known outside Scandinavia. The DMT is described in this paper and its rationale fully discussed. There follows a critical review of studies in which DMT scores are related to performance in diverse (non-clinical) applied settings, the outcomes of which are generally most encouraging. A number of theoretical and practical problems are discussed, and suggestions are made for future research.     

在职教师培训有效性提升途径之一:学业汇报书

当前在职教师培训低效的一个关键原因在于管理维度的缺失,而学业汇报书恰是破解问题的新途径。学业汇报书是综合考虑了送培单位、培训组织、参培教师三者之间的关系而开展的一项提升培训有效性的创新途径,在关注培训的过程中促进教师主动、自觉地接受培训。同时,学业汇报书也承担了评价功能、媒介功能和档案功能,为在职教师有效培训提供了一种新的导向工具。在培训实践中,应从观念、制度、科学设计等几个方面推进学业汇报书的实施。