The Reproduction of Gender Inequality in Sweden: A Causal Mechanism Approach

In many respects, Sweden is maybe the country where public policies to increase the equality between men and women have been most prolonged and advanced. In 1996 the UN declared Sweden to be the most gender‐equal country in the world. However, women still take much more responsibility for children and domestic work than men do, leading to the reproduction of gender inequality in the labour market and in society at large. A causal mechanism is used to analyse this phenomenon, starting from the observation that men are on average three years older than women and thus already have a stronger position on the labour market when a heterosexual couple is formed. This increases the risk that the woman will lose the first negotiations on how to divide household and wage labour when they have children. This will in turn lead to increasing returns for the man, increasing the risk that she will lose subsequent negotiations about the division of labour. What seems to be a rational arrangement for both (increasing the total income for the family) results in the reproduction of gender inequality. The analysis shows that gender inequality in a country like Sweden is reproduced behind the backs of the agents.     

和谐社会视阈下扩大公民有序政治参与探析

扩大公民有序政治参与是构建和谐社会的重要手段。当前公民政治参与现状与和谐社会标准尚有差距。加快政治体制改革,发展协商参与机制;塑造参与型政治文化,提高公民意识;实行政府透明治理,完善政务公开是扩大公民有序政治参与的重要途径。     

关于建立上海郊区差别化管理体制机制研究

建立上海郊区差别化管理体制机制的总体思路是:以主体功能区划分为基础,根据各区(县)不同的主体功能和开发任务,实施差别化政策;按照"二级市"的要求,简政放权,增强郊区自主发展权和统筹协调权;适度调整市、区财政分配体制,使郊区各区(县)事权与财权相匹配;建立和完善财政转移支付、土地利用激励、财政激励、生态发展激励和绩效考核五大机制,促进郊区差别化管理,增强郊区统筹协调发展的能力;实施"强镇扩权",创新郊区基层管理体制机制,增强郊区发展活力。上海建立郊区差别化管理体制机制,还需适当调整郊区城市建设标准、制定全市统一的公共服务资源配置和设施建设标准、增加郊区人口导入区城市管理和公共服务资源配置、规范简政放权的工作机制。     

高校全员育人创新机制研究

高校全员育人机制是高校为实现全员育人目标使德育机构和根据高校德育目标、原则、内容、方法制定的高校德育制度的有机结合。研究高校全员育人机制是为提高高校德育组织及所有教职员工活动的有效性,实现高校德育目标高校全员育人机制创新主要表现为＂全员育人、全方位育人的具体化、制度化＂,全面贯彻＂以人为本＂的科学发展观。     

分布式决策供应链的协调机制实施研究

分布式决策供应链由各种不同的自主决策主体组成,在信息不对称的条件下需要进行有效的渠道协作,协调机制是保证其有效协作的重要前提。本文总结了几种主要的用于分布式决策的供应链的协调机制,探讨了其在供应链协调领域的应用现状,提出了当前分布式决策供应链管理的关键问题及解决问题的相应手段,从实施层面探讨协调机制在供应链管理中的应用问题。     

Why communities of practice succeed and why they fail

A specific form of intra-organizational networks – a community of practice (COP) – is increasingly regarded as an important structure within organizations. This network structure is well suited for the development and sharing of knowledge and practices across divisions. Our research explores the most salient reasons for the success and failure of such networks. An investigation of 57 COPs from major European and US companies led to the discovery of 10 “commandments” that lead to the successful development and sharing of best practices. It also identified five main reasons for failure.     

试论博客网站的法律管制制度

针对“博客现象“这一新生事物,本文首先分析了博客网站的运营特点,提出博客网站法律管制的对象应该是网站的托管商和博客本人。在详细讨论了博客网站及网络博客与传统媒体的区别之后,设想了适合于博客网站运营特点的法律管制机制。最后对我国的博客网站管制的立法现状作了考察,提出了立法上的建议。     

A review of the effectiveness of empowering leadership

Based on a review of empirical literature on empowering leadership, given incongruent and mixed results, the current work suggests reconsidering the effectiveness of empowering leadership. We propose a framework for examining the effectiveness of empowering leadership that considers: 1) feasibility of non-linear main effects of empowering leadership on work-related outcomes, 2) possibility of reverse causation between empowering leadership and work-related outcomes, 3) potential contradictory mediating mechanisms through which empowering leadership influences work-related outcomes, 4) consideration of boundary conditions which could alter the relationships between empowering leadership and work-related outcomes, and 5) consideration of levels-of-analysis and multilevel issues in empowering leadership. Our framework considers the multifaceted nature of empowering leadership and offers a guiding tool for advancing future research in this area.     

关联理论视角中的英语双关

＂双关＂话语的突出特点是＂一音/形二义＂。Sperber＆Wilson提出的关联理论为分析双关解读中的心理机制提供了一个很好的理论框架。利用关联理论中的认知努力和语境效果两个重要概念,来考察英语双关所兼顾的双重含义被激活的情况,我们可以了解双关解读的心理机制,并发现存在四种双关解读类型：一石两鸟型、花园路径型、化整为零型和跳出圈外型。