Gaming–playing on social media: using the psychoanalytic concept of ‘playing’ to theorize user labour on Facebook

ABSTRACT

Political economists have argued that user activity on corporate social media is regarded as labour that appears playful and fun but is exploited and sold to advertisers for profit maximization. This article begins with the working assumption that such user labour on social media constitutes a form of playing. It is theorized through a psychoanalytic perspective on the term as developed by D. W. Winnicott and André Green. The notion of gaming–playing is put forward to account for set interface structures on Facebook that resemble a game as well as free-flowing dimensions more akin to playing. Some user discourses on Facebook are analysed through this prism. A psychoanalytic conceptualization of user labour as playing allows one to analyse both positive discourses that emphasize Facebook as a space for creativity, exploration and the unknown, as well as negative discourses that critique the platform with regard to lacking privacy controls or data ownership. Both discourses are conducted in a playful manner that creatively utilize a sense of user agency in relation to others and Facebook itself, but often remain without consequences.     

自媒体时代网络舆情引导研究——基于议程设置的视角

自媒体时代,迅捷的信息传播速度与亲民的交流方式激发了公众舆论参与的热情,致使网络舆情呈现出公众意见表达自由、群体喧哗频繁、舆情管理复杂等特点,在此背景下,做好网络舆情引导对巩固社会主义核心价值观的地位、把握网络意识形态的话语权、打造风清气正的网络空间具有重要价值.网络舆情引导管理与议程设置具有内在契合性,通过分析议程设置基本原理,以杭州保姆纵火案为案例剖析,围绕自媒体时代网络舆情引导,提出强化责任意识、完善互动机制、提升媒介素养、落实监管及防控措施、培养专业人才等策略.     

Human waste/wasting humans: dirt,disposable bodies and power relations in Nigerian newspaper reports

Abstract

This study examines four newspaper reports and analyses the ways that “dirt,” “waste” and “garbage” function within a range of intersecting sanitation and social contexts where people and materials figure as disposable objects. My main premise is that when scoop reports in newspapers deal with the issue of “dirt” and sanitation, they often leave undertones that reveal or imply a contest for power in which actual dirt and contamination or their images and vocabularies are employed to justify exclusion from certain social privileges and positions and also to protest such exclusions. I argue and then proceed to show that when “dirt,” “waste” and “garbage” are stretched beyond the domain of health, they can offer a lens with multiple focal positions from which we may view and analyse complex political, social and economic behaviours and make sense of them. I focus on Nigerian urban spaces and analyse the reports to show how the terms have come to mark ways that literal and figurative entropy commingle to reveal the dynamics of power and social relations.     

浅谈舆论监督

本文针对目前舆论监督的现状,提出了新闻舆论监督应尽快立法,将舆论监督纳入法制轨道,要充分发挥舆论监督在建设民主法治国家中的作用.     

新时期的传媒现实期待——新闻精品建构论

中国“入世”带来了传媒格局的喜人变化。与此同时,传媒低俗之风“愈演愈烈”的严峻现实也对理论界提出了挑战。本文借鉴西方的社会建构理论,提出了以“新闻精品”为诉求点建构新的传媒现实,从而取代传媒低俗化生存状态的假想;继而以概念界说和理论解释进行新闻精品理论的建构。研究显示,发轫于20世纪90年代“‘五个一’精品工程”背景下的“新闻精品”,本质上源于新闻人对于新闻和精品的一种“新的认识”和基于新闻报道文法的一种“理想类型”建构。其认识和建构存在三个维度,即事实显度、思想深度和人文高度。     

广告汉语谐音字现象分析

为传达产品的主要信息,反映其真实面貌并提高销售量,广告词应清楚、容易理解、有说服力。实际上,广告人并没严格遵循这个原则,而更加注重广告词给人们留下的深刻印象,其中大量谐音字的使用引起政府、公众、语言学界的强烈反响。在描述媒体谐音字滥用现象的基础上,分析社会各界争议的三个焦点问题及解决对策。     

The state of Australian public relations: Professionalisation and paradox

It is almost a decade since the last empirical study of Australian public relations appeared in the academic literature. This paper reports on a survey conducted immediately prior to the onset of the global financial crisis aimed at revealing the state of public relations in Australia. In particular, the study investigated levels of professionalisation in terms of such criteria as the strategic orientation of public relations, its position within organisational hierarchies, and the importance placed on ethics and professional development. The findings show Australian PR professionals to be highly educated, comparatively well paid and frequently in positions of influence with their CEOs. Paradoxically despite these strengths, the profession in Australia does not seem to have outgrown public relations’ pervasive identity crisis.     

Representations of autism in Australian print media

The mass media provides a frame for discourse around important health issues, and it has been widely demonstrated that the development and reinforcement of stereotypes of minority groups are strongly influenced by the news and entertainment media. An extensive search of academic databases failed to locate any studies which examined the representation of autism in the news media, although there were a number of articles on the media role in the autism and MMR debate. This paper reports on an examination of the extent, and nature, of coverage of ‘autism spectrum disorders’ in the Australian print media between 1996 and 2005. Key findings include a relatively limited amount of factual information and a dual stereotype of people labeled as having autism as either dangerous and uncontrollable or unloved and poorly treated. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the nature and tone of this coverage of autism and its potential impact on individuals described as ‘autistic’, their families and carers and the community in general.     

Intercultural crossings in a digital age: ICT pathways with migrant and refugee-background youth

This article problematises the uptake and use of digital technologies by migrant and refugee-background young people, through the lens of a site-based arts pedagogy program, Culture Shack (CS), in Melbourne, Australia. It argues that online pedagogies including animation, Facebook, photoshop, mobile phones and Youtube can be used effectively for bridging cultural, gender and educational gaps, if the ways in which they are applied engage with communication preferences and discourses of culture, ethnicity and digital media technology – including issues related to technological determinism. Drawing on Dimitriadis’ attention to the power of public pedagogies and cyberculture theorists such as Leung and Nakamura, this article frames creative ICT use as not merely a tool but a contested, negotiated space in which young participants shape educational transits of being and becoming, and arts-based digital learning as twenty-first century global pedagogies.     

建立多元互补的批评格局

任何批评都是有局限性的,都无法单独穷尽文学创作的现象和规律,也无法单独满足社会对批评的要求。批评的价值和功能的真正实现必须通过整体批评的渠道,而整体批评中便包含着多种批评模式的并存发展之意。