Economic method and the concept of competition

基本医疗保险基金经办机构与公立医院之间的关系,实质上是医疗服务需求方和供给方的关系。消费者主权理论、管理型竞争理论、花钱矩阵理论,可以为理顺基本医疗保险基金经办机构与公立医院之间的应然关系提供理论依据。公立医院彻底地去行政化和赋予其独立的市场主体地位、基本医疗保险基金经办机构与公立医院就其提供的基本医疗服务进行谈判购买、基本医疗保险基金支付方式走向按绩效付费、公立医院与公立医院以及与其他非公立医疗机构之间开展市场竞争、强化医药分家后对医疗行为的行业监管、基本医疗保险基金经办机构在药品招标采购中居于主导地位、加强区域医疗资源规划、优化基本医疗保险基金经办机构管理应该成为公立医院未来改革努力的方向。

     

论合同法组织经济的功能

民法典合同编如若增加商业特许经营合同这一新的合同类型,那么这既有利于彰显\     

我国制造业技术创新效率的实证分析—兼论与市场竞争的相关性

技术创新战略关乎中部地区能否顺利崛起,是化解我国发展“不平衡不充分”主要矛盾的关键一环。基于2000～2016年中部六省的面板数据,利用超效率DEA模型测度综合技术创新效率,基于新经济社会学的相关理论构建了影响技术创新效率的多层线性模型。结果表明：R&D经费支出和R&D人员全时当量对技术创新效率均具有明显的促进作用,但两者作用在中部六省间存在显著性差异;对中部六省的技术创新效率具有显著直接影响的因素有技术创新效率百度指数和城市化率,具有显著间接影响的有教育财政支出规模、外贸依存度、技术创新效率百度指数和工业化程度。     

各国社会医疗救助制度及其对建立我国城市贫困人口社会医疗救助的启示

社会医疗救助是医疗保障体系的重要组成部分。本文描述了新加坡、加拿大、英国和美国等国家社会医疗救助的特点,分析建立我国城市贫困人口社会医疗救助制度的意义,并对覆盖对象、资金来源以及保障项目与水平等作出思考。     

新型农村合作医疗制度分析

目前中国政府下大力气推动新型农村合作医疗制度的试点工作,政府成为农村初级医疗保障制度创新的外在推动力,但以法律为基础的制度建设滞后,建立新型农村合作医疗的制度保障没有确立;还缺乏推行合作医疗政策和合作医疗立法的原动力,即承担新型农村合作医疗制度主体角色的农民,多数缺乏参加合作医疗的能力、主观积极性;作为主体的农民更多的时候是被动地接受各种规定,缺乏农民参与决策、管理和监督的机会;新型农村合作医疗制度存在内在缺陷。     

Why spouses depress each other: A cross‐national study to test the shared resource hypothesis in depressive symptom concordance within older adult couples

The shared resource hypothesis suggests that married couples share the same environmental resources, which shape their health concordance. This study tests its cross‐national applicability. Cross‐sectional 2012–2013 Health and Retirement Study data from China, England, Mexico, and the United States were analyzed. Heterosexual couples (age ≥60) who were married or partnered were studied (N = 20,565 pairs). Dyadic data were analyzed by multilevel models to examine the effect of self and spousal social and physical health statuses on depressive symptoms. Regression models were used to test the relationship between couples' shared resources and depressive symptom concordance. Results indicated both husbands and wives' depressive symptoms were associated with their own and spouses' social and health statuses. Most couple‐level resources were insignificant predictors for Chinese and Mexican couples' concordance, but having more social and financial resources was associated with higher concordance among British and American couples. Self‐reported health was the most consistent predictor in all countries. The shared resource hypothesis was more applicable to depressive symptom concordance within couples in the United States and England, but not in China and Mexico. Couple‐centered intervention is suggested for clinical practice, and the spousal effect should be considered in policymaking.     

Gender,work, and childcare in Kazakhstan,Mongolia, and Russia

The current study seeks to understand the nature of gender relations within a post‐Soviet welfare model in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia. On the basis of the analysis of key labour market indicators, parental leave, and childcare policies, it finds that the welfare models in the three countries are hybrid, and neither authoritarianism in Kazakhstan and Russia nor democracy in Mongolia lead to substantive gender equality outcomes. Persistent gender inequality in these countries is underpinned by the neo‐liberal approach to welfare provision, conservative social norms, and limited agency of civil society to influence the policy agenda. Nonetheless, these states have distributed to the population with an emphasis on working mothers, and this policy choice has been driven by economic, demographic, and political considerations, which ultimately serve to support, rather than transform, the patriarchal power structure in these societies.     

中国地方政府创新模式的可持续研究 ——基于“中国政府创新最佳实践”案例（2011—2016）的QCA方法

基于2011—2016年三届“中国政府创新最佳实践”的30个案例,引入定性比较分析（QCA）,从中层理论的视角,分析了在不同条件组合的情形下,地方政府创新实践可持续案例的特点。研究发现,中国地方政府存在三种主要的创新模式及条件组合：一是试点型创新,对应条件组合为创新扩散、学术关注和上级推广;二是地方型创新,对应条件组合为未创新扩散、未学术关注和未技术创新;三是技术型创新,对应条件组合为创新扩散、学术关注和技术创新。     

The nested joint clustering via Dirichlet process mixture model

This article focuses on the clustering problem based on Dirichlet process (DP) mixtures. To model both time invariant and temporal patterns, different from other existing clustering methods, the proposed semi-parametric model is flexible in that both the common and unique patterns are taken into account simultaneously. Furthermore, by jointly clustering subjects and the associated variables, the intrinsic complex shared patterns among subjects and among variables are expected to be captured. The number of clusters and cluster assignments are directly inferred with the use of DP. Simulation studies illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. An application to wheal size data is discussed with an aim of identifying novel temporal patterns among allergens within subject clusters.     

Bayesian nonparametric modelling of the link function in the single-index model using a Bernstein–Dirichlet process prior

This paper proposes the use of the Bernstein–Dirichlet process prior for a new nonparametric approach to estimating the link function in the single-index model (SIM). The Bernstein–Dirichlet process prior has so far mainly been used for nonparametric density estimation. Here we modify this approach to allow for an approximation of the unknown link function. Instead of the usual Gaussian distribution, the error term is assumed to be asymmetric Laplace distributed which increases the flexibility and robustness of the SIM. To automatically identify truly active predictors, spike-and-slab priors are used for Bayesian variable selection. Posterior computations are performed via a Metropolis-Hastings-within-Gibbs sampler using a truncation-based algorithm for stick-breaking priors. We compare the efficiency of the proposed approach with well-established techniques in an extensive simulation study and illustrate its practical performance by an application to nonparametric modelling of the power consumption in a sewage treatment plant.