人性：文学记忆中的城市表情——陆文夫、范小青、叶弥小说中的“苏州”

当代苏州文学见证了苏州的城市变迁,陆文夫、范小青、叶弥等作家留下了不同时代的文学记忆,有政治、经济乃至个人化的不同印迹,但以普通人为视点的人性关怀成为他们持久关注和思考的主题。人性丰富和生动的内质,温润着城市粗糙和生硬的外在表象,这也是文学为苏州这座城市在历史进程中留下的最堪回味的内在表情。     

Emotional Memories Stemming From a Crisis: A Snapshot of AIDS Activism in Washington,DC (1981–1986)

Emotional memories—described in this article as conscious, protracted memories that reference emotional events from the past—provide powerful qualitative data for social analysts. The reconfigured concept “emotional memories,” a neuroscientific term, is utilized to help describe the long-term effects of affective, historically situated marginalization. The author highlights emotional memories of African American lesbian, gay, and bisexual activists involved in the early years of the AIDS crisis in Washington, DC, and connects these memories to documentation in the archives, which illuminate the source and power of these emotions. The author additionally uses an interdisciplinary lens to sociologically understand collective, yet individual, emotional responses to an epidemic.     

《河湾》：后殖民经验的身份书写

作为当代英语文学世界最杰出的移民作家之一，奈保尔在欧美批评界广受赞誉，2001年荣获诺贝尔文学奖，但其作品的非洲叙事却不断受到后殖民批评家的激烈批判。针对不同文化的阐释差异和对位性阅读，运用当代后殖民文化理论，以文化身份的视角重新解读《河湾》，分析作品中历史记忆与身份写作的隐性关系，在身份困惑和非洲叙事两层面揭示身份写作的表征内涵，在对奈保尔文学经验的总结中探讨后殖民批评中政治性阅读的某种理论误区。     

Exploring elites’ first political memories: A case study of presidential electors

Political elites provide a unique perspective on political socialization. By examining these individuals’ experiences and viewpoints, scholars have an opportunity to evaluate methods to increase political engagement among the mass public. This paper undertakes such an exploration using a 2013 mail survey of Electoral College members, specifically considering responses to an open-ended question about electors’ first political memories, accounting for respondents’ age, partisanship, and gender. This study finds that elites’ earliest political memories often involve electoral—particularly presidential—politics and note these findings’ implications for political socialization scholars.     

Sexual Revictimization: Double Betrayal and the Risk Associated with Dissociative Amnesia

This study aimed to identify new treatment targets in order to develop more empirically informed initiatives to prevent sexual revictimization. A retrospective Web-based survey employing a mixed-methods design attracted a self-selecting sample of 481 community respondents, 183 of whom indicated a history of childhood sexual abuse. Seventy-four percent were females whose ages ranged from 16 to 69 years (mean = 31.2 years). Betrayal trauma referred to CSA committed by a trusted perpetrator (often caregivers). Disclosure experiences in childhood were reported though open-dialogue boxes. Double betrayal referred to high-betrayal trauma being combined with a negative response to a disclosure. This was associated with both higher incidences of prior psychogenic amnesia for CSA and sexual revictimization in later life. The findings have implications for educating the guardians of children about the prevalence and implications of CSA as well as the importance of early recognition and appropriate responding.     

The “Wall of Fear”: The Bridge Between the Traumatic Event and Trauma Resolution Therapy for Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors

ABSTRACT

A multitude of published books and papers on child sexual abuse (CSA) describe symptoms, long-term effects, and therapy for survivors of abuse. However, the parallels between the nature of the sexual trauma event(s) as originally experienced by the victim and the therapeutic process into which the survivor later becomes engaged have not been reported. This paper attempts to fill that gap and proposes that the concept of a “Wall of Fear” is the bridge connecting the two. In the first part of the paper, a model of the CSA experience based upon Furniss (1991) will be explained in order to point out the basis for the dissociation and other symptomology demonstrated by the CSA victim. Following that, the stages of therapy will be mapped out, with special attention to the concept of the Wall of Fear (Oz, 1999) and traumatic memory resolution (abreactions) and with reference to the experience of the original traumatic events. Therapist fear of decompensation will be addressed.     

From the ‘crevices in dominant memories’: virtual commemoration and the 1984 anti-Sikh violence

Dominant collective memories around the anti-Sikh violence of 1984 are mostly dichotomous. The official state memories of 1984 are replete with omissions about the attack on Sikhs and several human rights violations. On the other hand, the counter-mobilisations that developed in the aftermath of 1984 are largely focused on the demand for a separate state of Khalistan. I problematise these dichotomous framings by examining what I call present-day ‘virtual commemorative crevices’. I suggest that these crevices are transnational, sacred or set-apart and liminal fissures in hegemonic memories and institutionalised forms of commemoration. I examine eight websites focusing on 1984 and the role of the Sikh diaspora in disrupting older temporal fixities and spatially rooted narratives. Virtual fissures mark a subtle, but significant shift from polarised hegemonic narratives to a more differentiated, future-oriented activism.     

‘The sinking cenotaph’: Jack Mapanje’s and Steve Chimombo’s contestation of monumentalised nationalist public memories of Malawi’s President Banda

This article discusses Jack Mapanje’s and Steve Chimombo’s contestations of the constitution and monumentalisation of nationalist public memories of former and first president of Malawi, Dr H.K. Banda. After more than a decade since the end of his rule as life president in 1994 and his demise in 1997, the Malawi government has constituted and monumentalised memories of Banda in Malawi through a monumental mausoleum on his grave and a statue in the capital city, Lilongwe. While others have hailed these monuments as fitting tributes for the ‘founding father’ and ‘nationalist hero’ of the nation, Mapanje and Chimombo contest such public monumentalisation of Banda’s reign in Malawi in their poetry, suggesting that Banda was a dictator undeserving of such posthumous memorialisation. They also suggest that the narratives constituted in the monuments do not represent the interests of the victims of his dictatorship. This article argues that such contestations challenge the constitution of nationalist memories of postcolonial African nations through leaders who instituted totalitarian rule.     

"策问"中的"历史"--晚清中国"历史记忆"延续的一个侧面

“历史记忆”之延续构成晚清思想演进重要的象征,并明显受两个因素的主导,一是由“反满”所催生的恢复汉族的记忆;一是西方因素开启的关乎中国历史的记忆。“策问”作为参与国家考试时的答卷,无论是设“问”者还是应“策”者,大致都恪守于官方意识形态,分析“策问”中的“历史”,可以了解这些历史文本是如何想象“中史”与“西史”、接榫“历史”与“现实”的。由此,“历史记忆”在晚清中国如何延续,也通过具体的文本“呈现”出来。同时,由于“中史”与“西史”并非单纯时间意义上的“过去”,中西历史“会通”所催生的“历史记忆”的延续,也并不单纯,实际与立足于“反满”立场对历史的重塑,适成对照。由此,晚清中国“历史记忆”延续的多向度,也随之得以“呈现”。     

共享内存系统中高效并行FDTD计算方案

针对电大问题的FDTD仿真,在共享内存系统中提出一种不交换数据的并行FDTD计算方案。该方案利用共享内存系统的通用多核处理器架构,直接读取并行场域边界面的数据实现并行计算,采用自主开发的多线程技术实现FDTD的并行计算。通过数值仿真测试,提出了最大并行计算效率的区域划分方式,并验证了所提出的方案是一种理想的基于共享内存系统的并行FDTD计算方案。