Communicating with the Public About Marauding Terrorist Firearms Attacks: Results from a Survey Experiment on Factors Influencing Intention to “Run,Hide, Tell” in the United Kingdom and Denmark

Effective risk communication is an integral part of responding to terrorism, but until recently, there has been very little pre‐event communication in a European context to provide advice to the public on how to protect themselves during an attack. Following terrorist attacks involving mass shootings in Paris, France, in November 2015, the U.K. National Police Chiefs’ Council released a Stay Safe film and leaflet that advises the public to “run,” “hide,” and “tell” in the event of a firearms or weapons attack. However, other countries, including Denmark, do not provide preparedness information of this kind, in large part because of concern about scaring the public. In this survey experiment, 3,003 U.K. and Danish participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: no information, a leaflet intervention, and a film intervention to examine the impact of “Run, Hide, Tell” advice on perceptions about terrorism, the security services, and intended responses to a hypothetical terrorist firearms attack. Results demonstrate important benefits of pre‐event communication in relation to enhancing trust, encouraging protective health behaviors, and discouraging potentially dangerous actions. However, these findings also suggest that future communications should address perceived response costs and target specific problem behaviors. Cross‐national similarities in response suggest this advice is suitable for adaptation in other countries.     

When implicit prejudice does not predict explicit prejudice: Spanish version of the Concern with Acting Prejudiced scale / Cuando el prejuicio implícito no predice el explícito: versión española de la escala Concern with Acting Prejudiced

The aim of this research was to adapt and validate the Concern with Acting Prejudiced (CAP) scale for a Spanish sample. This measure evaluates concern about appearing prejudiced to others or oneself and the motivation not to deviate from personal egalitarian standards. First, we completed the translation and an item content validity analysis. Then, in Study 1 (N = 198), we conducted an exploratory factor analysis. In Study 2 (N = 383), we conducted a confirmatory analysis of the unifactorial structure of the Spanish version of the scale and examined its validity. In Study 3 (N = 89), we explored the moderating role of participants’ concern with acting prejudiced in the relation between implicit prejudice and explicit prejudice. The results confirmed the unifactorial structure of the scale, its appropriate psychometric properties and its predictive validity. Moreover, we confirmed that the CAP moderated the relation between implicit and explicit prejudice. In participants with a low concern with acting prejudiced, implicit prejudice was positively related with modern prejudice; in participants with a high concern with acting prejudiced, these variables were not related.     

Predicting Condom Use Outcomes via the Information Motivation Behavioral Skills Model: An Analysis of Young Black Men

Objectives: This study examines the relationships between information motivation behavioral skills model constructs and their associations with consistent condom use and condom use problems among young Black men. Methods: The authors use baseline data collected from 702 participants in a randomized controlled trial. Analyses involved path modeling and bootstrapped standard errors to estimate associations. Results: Motivation had the largest association with consistent condom use, whereas condom application skills had the largest association with condom use problems. Conclusion: Motivation is the most important predictor of consistent condom use, whereas condom application skills are the most important predictor of condom use problems.     

X-效率与企业内部的个体激励

本文主要针对美国经济学家莱宾斯坦所提出的厂商内部的X-效率（X-efficiency）现象,以期望理论为框架,说明各种因素的变化是如何影响个体的努力程度,进而影响个体绩效和满意度,讨论并提出了提高厂商内部效率的某些实现条件和具体途径,以及理解中国国有企业低效率问题的若干分析思路。     

国防生入学动机现状及招生对策

经过十年的努力,国防生这个新兴群体的教育培养和管理机制已初步形成,毕业国防生也成为了国防后备力量的重要组成部分。但不可否认的是,国防生培养工作还存在生源不足、生源质量不高等问题。造成这些问题的原因是多方面的,其中入学动机的偏差是主要原因之一,这已成为制约国防生发展的重要因素。为提高国防生生源数量和质量,应充分发挥各高校选培办的主观能动性,加大招生宣传的力度和广度,完善各种政策,采取切实可行的措施,端正国防生的入学动机,把优质生源选拔到国防生队伍中来。     

专业四级考试与英语专业学生自主学习能力发展的相关性研究

考试是学校教育中的一个重要环节,而培养学生的自主学习能力是实施教育的重要目标。通过问卷调查和访谈的形式,调查英语专业四级考试对英语专业学生自主学习能力发展的影响。结果发现：专业四级考试对英语专业学生的自主学习有较大的影响,是促使学生自主学习的动机之一,考前和考后的自主学习认识基本一致,考后的自主学习行为明显弱于考前,考前的自主学习动机主要是成绩动机和个人发展动机,考后主要为文化动机和个人发展动机。     

学习动机及文化认同与语用能力发展的相关性

以英语专业学生为对象,采用问卷调查和访谈的方法,考察学习动机和文化认同对学习者目的语语用能力发展产生的影响。结果显示：学习者的工具型动机与语用能力呈微弱正相关态势,融入型动机与语用能力呈显著正相关态势;学习者对目的语的文化认同与语用行为表现呈微弱正相关态势,而母语文化认同与语用行为表现呈显著负相关态势。即,学习者较低的融入型动机和对母语文化的强烈认同会在一定程度上制约学习者对语用规范的学习,并影响其语用行为表现。     

论大学体育教学中的非智力因素培养

知识技能的掌握,是人的智力因素和非智力因素共同参与的结果。大学体育教学中的经验表明,重视非智力因素的培养,不但有利于体育课教学质量的提高,更有利于人才的成长。本文通过对动机、意志两方面的非智力因素培养实践的总结,阐明重视非智力因素的教学才是全面的教学。     

关于领导者成就动机的探讨

本文叙述了成就动机问题的提出和发展,综述了各国对该问题的研究现状,论述了领导的成就动机是其行为的驱动力。从而建议我国学术界应加强这一领域的学术研究。     

从动机角度看亲社会行为、助人行为、利他行为的关系

从动机角度分析了以往研究中亲社会行为、助人行为、利他行为定义等同或是模糊的原因,即定义等同缘于不考虑动机问题,定义模糊缘于考虑动机性质问题;通过以往从动机角度对亲社会行为、助人行为、利他行为关系两种概括方式的评析,提出按照广义和狭义的角度来对三种行为进行定义并概括它们之间关系的建议。