Cross‐Cultural Comparison of the Effects of Optimism,Intrinsic Motivation,and Family Relations on Vocational Identity

This study explored the effects of optimism, intrinsic motivation, and family relations on vocational identity in college students in the United States and South Korea. The results yielded support for the hypothesized multivariate model. Across both cultures, optimism was an important contributing factor to vocational identity, and intrinsic motivation partially mediated the link from optimism to vocational identity. In addition, family relations moderated the mediation effect of intrinsic motivation with American students but not Korean students. With Korean students, family relations moderated the direct link from optimism to vocational identity. These results have significant implications for counseling to promote vocational identity development for diverse college students.     

我国农地金融制度建构的动因、制约及路径选择

我国现有农地金融制度的欠缺,已经成为农业投资及农业资源优化配置方面的“瓶颈”约束,进而对农地产权制度的创新和农业结构战略性调整产生影响。本文以农地金融制度构建为核心,就农地金融制度构建的动因、存在的障碍进行了初步探讨,在此基础上提出了推进我国农地金融制度构建的路径建议。     

中国现代作家为何创作古老神话

中国现代文学倡导以现代生存体验和人生思考为主要的表达对象,然而鲁迅、郭沫若、茅盾、郑振铎等作家却都曾创作过以古老的神话为题材资源的重要作品。现代作家之所以会创作古老的神话,主要有三个层面的原因:第一,中国现代作家在对新文化的积极建构中,对包括神话在内的传统文化有积极的汲取;第二,现代作家的神话题材作品将远古神话与现代社会的现实关切结合在一起,表现出鲜明的现实指向;第三,创作神话题材作品的作家大都表现出对于中国民族文化和西方异域文化的多方关照,他们既是新文学的巨匠,也对包括神话在内的古代文学具有深厚的积累。对于现代作家创作神话题材这一文学现象的考察,也丰富了对于现代文学多元性的思考,为中国现代文学与文化传统之间复杂的关联性提供了新的研讨视角。     

男女大学生学习动力比较研究——基于上海理工大学1 398名学生的抽样分析

男女大学生性别差异会导致学习动力方面的差异,为找出影响男女大学生学习的潜在因子及ffn_~作用关系,将计划行为理论和结构方程模型相结合来建立男女大学生学习动力模型,对上海理工大学l398名学生的有效调查样本进行分析。结果表明,知觉行为控制变量可以作为实际控制条件的替代策略指标来直接预测行为发生的可能性,相比之下学习态度和学习行为规范对学习行为的影响相对较小,并在进一步的因子荷载比较分析中得出：三大变量的潜在要素对男女大学生学习动力的影响及其程度存在很大的差异,如女生的学习行为更加积极,男生则在自我学习控制能力和学习方法上难以适应要求,男女生普遍认为教课方式和课堂内容缺乏吸引力,女生对学习环境的要求更明显等。     

当代中国农民企业家人性分析

农民企业家是在我国社会转型时期产生的特殊群体,除具备一般企业家的本能和本性外,他们的以官为本、收益理性、投资依赖、家族庇护、居功自傲、自由散漫、吃苦勤俭、小富即安等人性特点比较突出。人性的表现是很复杂的,当代我国农民企业家人性表现出“经济人”、“社会人”、“政治人”、“道德人”等多方面的倾向性;农民企业家人性及其表现的多倾向性对社会资源配置、社会结构变迁、公共权力分配、企业家道德体系构建等方面产生重要作用,应从经济、社会、政治、道德等方面构建制度,激励农民企业家人性表现朝良性方向发展,促进其成长。     

Motivations for Sexual Intimacy: Development of a Needs-Based Sexual Intimacy Scale

ABSTRACT

To assess motivations associated with sexual intimacy, a need for sexual intimacy scale (NSIS) was developed within a needs-based framework, focusing on needs for sex, affiliation, and dominance. Participants were 347 individuals associated with two large Southern California universities. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were utilized, as were multiple attitudinal and behavioral measures for validation purposes. EFA found 22 items to be associated with the three need sets, with good internal consistency reliability. CFA confirmed these findings, and promising construct and criterion validities were also noted for the factors. Those reporting a greater need for sex noted more lifetime sex partners and one-night stands, but were less likely to use condoms. Individuals with affiliation needs were more likely to be truthful with their partners and more likely to practice safe-sex. Those reporting dominance needs want to control their partners sexually, but were less likely to use condoms. Men were found to exhibit greater needs for sex, while women reported higher levels of affiliation need. Sexual health and primary prevention concerns are discussed.     

Differences in motivational dimensions across gambling frequency,game choice and medium of play in the United Kingdom

Motivations to gamble in the United Kingdom were examined in relation to gambling preferences and behaviour (gambling frequency, game choice, medium of play). A factor analysis delineated six motivational dimensions for gambling as a leisure activity: socialization through learning, escape, peripheral activity, fun/challenge, socialization through competition, and to win money. The motivational dimensions differed significantly for various gambling frequencies and across choice of games, though not across different media of play. More frequent gamblers chose to gamble for escape and/or fun/challenge purposes, while less frequent gamblers chose to gamble for socialization through learning and peripheral activities. Certain gambling motivations significantly affected decisions to play lottery, roulette, poker, betting and slots, but motivations were not significantly different from each other for bingo, blackjack, fixed-odds betting terminals and football pools. The research extends current knowledge of motivations in the UK and recreational gamblers, introducing a new motivational factor – activities indirectly related to gambling – and emphasizing the relationship between gambling motivations and behaviours. Knowledge of motivations assists casino operators in creating effective marketing strategies and aids lawmakers in better understanding the gambling objectives of their citizenry. These motivational dimensions also serve as a baseline against which problematic motivations can be compared.     

高校大学生体育消费现状分析——基于武汉市5所部属高校的调查

随机选取武汉市5所部属高校1 000名在校大学生,对武汉市大学生体育消费的现状进行了问卷调查.分析结果表明：武汉市大学生的体育消费动机是多样的、体育消费意识较强、多持有节俭体育消费观念、体育消费水平较低、体育消费结构较简单、体育场地是影响体育消费的重要因素.提出应提高大学生体育消费意识、引导其合理消费,加强体育场馆建设及利用,丰富体育消费内容等建议.     

论学习自主性与语言学习自主性的同源效应

外语教学的成功与否不只是一个教的问题,在很大程度上取决于学生的学习态度和方法.以"学习者为中心"的课程教学模式意味着学生将承担更多的学习责任.以学习自主性的理论认识为基础,探讨如何培养学生的语言学习自主性的若干策略.