远缘跨学科研究与交叉科学的发展

随着一系列社会问题的出现以及世界科技革命的快速发展,跨学科教育成为复杂社会背景下人才培养的重要途径。基于对跨学科核心与边界的分析,认为跨学科教育的内涵是通过学科间的融合以及改革相应的教育体系来培养学生的跨学科综合能力。弗吉尼亚联邦大学达芬奇产品创新中心通过明确的目标-评估体系、跨学科适应性课程体系以及跨学科的生活-学习条件较好地诠释了跨学科教育的内涵。借鉴上述经验,中国跨学科人才培养应采取完善跨学科教育顶层设计、设立专门的跨学科组织机构、制定合理的跨学科课程体系、营造跨学科生活学习氛围几方面实施策略。

     

How Applicable are Western Models of Patient‐Physician Relationship in Asia?: Changing Patient‐Physician Relationship in Contemporary Japan

Abstract:  The social and political environments surrounding patient-physician relationship have been changing in Japan for the last few decades. This paper aims to illustrate social and cultural factors that underlie current situations and problems of patient-physician relationship in Japan through a comparison with those in western countries, and to consider how mutual participation model of patient-physician relationship could be applied and fostered in Japan as well as other Asian cultures. Four major sociocultural factors are discussed in relation to the patient-physician relationship in Japan: (1) individualism versus collectivism; (2) low context versus high context; (3) femininity versus masculinity; and (4) Christianity versus Confucianism. Two key issues in discussing the mutual participation model of patient-physician relationship in Japan have emerged; the family and the communication style. The patient autonomy in Japan should be considered within the context of the triadic relationship of patient, family, and physician. Also, since the communication style might differ between Japan and western countries, communication training programs and interventions for medical professionals as well as for patients should be tailored in a culturally appropriate way in order to improve the communication in medical encounters and to achieve the mutual participation. Beyond mere advocacy of the patient autonomy, the mutual participation model of patient-physician relationship should be pursued within our social and cultural context to be truly fruitful for patients and physicians in Japan.     

Mutual-Fund Benchmarking and Market Bubbles: A Behavioral Approach

Dynamics of equity risk premium is not directly measurable on the market. Numerous studies and empirical research analyse its volatility also considering the time span, concluding that the dynamics of equity risk premium over time is inversely proportional to the economic cycle. This study analyses the passive role that, implicitly, would place institutional investors in such a context. In reality, savings management is delegated to a small number of professional operators (institutional investors), as opposed to pure theoretical models in which every person can act directly on the market thus ensuring unlimited price elasticity. Institutional investors should be rational and completely informed so that they can assume an anticyclical position on the market. Thus, supply and demand should quickly smooth over emerging price pressures and avoid price bubbles. We analyse one possible explanation for this situation not to occur, namely, that professionals suffer from operational limits that prevent them from doing their job in the best possible way. Using empirical evidence from the Italian Stock Exchange (Comit Index), we conclude that three factors reduce the freedom of institutional investors to manage their portfolios – the market target size, the fund structure, and the benchmarking – and discuss some implications for each of them.     

同余思想在藏历纪年与公元纪年相互换算中的应用

通过分析藏历纪年与农历干支纪年中的组合对应关系和循环规律,可探索出藏历纪年、农历干支纪年与公元纪年三者之间存在的内在数学规律.依据公元纪年数除以60所得的余数将公元纪年数分成60个集合,制成同余类换算表,给出了算余数直接查表进行藏历纪年与公元纪年相互换算的便捷方法.     

《庚道集》中“定”的语法化等级考察

谓语动词"定"在《庚道集》中通过语法化,主要作述补式结果补语以及表完成态的动相补语。在"V定"和"V定O"格式中,当V是造成"稳紧"义的动作动词时,"定"的语义特征更倾向于表示结果补语。"定"作动相补语可与动词和形容词结合,但与动词的组合能力不强,对所黏附的动词具有选择性。     

诺曼·安吉尔国际政治思想解读

诺曼·安吉尔作为国际关系研究领域自由主义的重要代表人物,其政治思想体系主要包含欧洲工业化国家间的相互依赖致使战争不可获益,科学引导公众观念和集体安全思想三大部分。本文首先分析安吉尔国际政治思想产生的时代背景,进而系统解析其思想体系的主要构成,最后考察其思想的理论和现实意义。     

价值观念整合中的西部大开发

西部大开发是由多方主体参与的系统活动,整合和统一开发主体的价值观念是西部大开发的首要任务。这些价值观念主要表现在三个方面:一是双赢的经济价值观念;二是创新的文化价值观念;三是可持续发展的生态价值观念。在这三种价值观念的引导下,西部大开发才能真正被落实。     

中唐贤相杨绾墓志发微

为研究杨绾其人,采用文献分析法,分析《杨绾墓志》等墓志志文和考释相关文献,对杨绾的为官经历、品行与修养、葬地少陵原、唐代科举存废之争等进行研究。研究认为,《杨绾墓志》较为详细地记载了这位中唐贤相的家族世系、生平宦迹、婚姻、卒葬以及品行修养等方面的情况;杨绾、贾至等提出贡举之弊,主张置孝廉科、力田科等,引发时人在思想观念上趋向以致用之学取士,中唐制科出现向儒学化靠拢的变化;杨绾清廉俭朴、淡泊名利的思想境界和价值观,在朝臣中起到了榜样和导向的作用;墓志中有部分内容与新、旧《唐书》等相关史料记载一致,还有包括杨绾的出生时间为唐玄宗开元六年(718年)等许多内容能够补传统文献记载之缺, 杨绾兴廉察孝的主张也为解决这一时期中唐科举存废之争问题提供了线索,这些墓志志文多处可与文献互证,对于中唐史事的研究多有裨益。     

基于对外汉语教学的汉语动补式合成词分析

动补式合成词在汉语中是非常特殊的一类词语,在对外汉语教学中也是难点所在。对外汉语词汇教学需要依照汉语词汇大纲的要求,教师有必要对动补式合成词在汉语词汇大纲中的分布情况和汉语学习者在学习动补式合成词时的难点问题进行分析,并以此为依据制定切实可行的教学策略。研究发现四种动补式合成词在汉语词汇大纲中的分布情况有所差别,各个级别的汉语学习者在不同阶段也存在不同的难点问题,形成了不同教学阶段的重点,教师可以将各种有效的教学对策结合使用,以引导汉语学习者正确习得动补式合成词的意义和用法。