An Individual Mixed‐Evaluation Method for Career Intervention

Economic issues linked to career counseling are a cause for concern to policy makers in developed countries because they expect career practitioners to provide evidence of the efficiency of career counseling interventions. The aim of this study was to test an individual evaluation method mixing time series (outcomes) and life narrative (processes). The method used 5 items related to 1 client's career decision self‐efficacy and studied the evolution of those items throughout the intervention of 1 career counselor (43 days). Changepoint analysis helped in identifying the changes that have to be taken into account for time series and which are contextualized in the client's verbatim analysis. This mixed method highlighted that the career counselor's intervention increased the client's career decision self‐efficacy. Practitioners could use the methodology proposed in this article to evaluate their interventions. They could also report their practice to clients, employers, and decision makers.     

A Narrative Approach to Pregnancy‐related Discrimination and Leader–follower Relationships

This study sheds light on women's perceptions of pregnancy‐related discrimination committed by the discriminated woman's immediate leader. The purpose is to show how women describe this perception during pregnancy and after their return to working life after maternity leave. Further, the study explores the ways in which the quality of the leader–follower relationship is revealed during the narration process. The research draws on five individual stories, collected in two rounds of interviews. Representations of several kinds of discriminatory practices can be found in the narratives and reveal that even being a partner in a good‐quality leader–follower relationship does not necessarily protect a woman from pregnancy‐related discrimination. However, women involved in a high‐quality leader–follower relationship described their perceptions in a more positive manner than those in a low‐quality relationship. The contribution of the article to the literature is twofold: firstly, the results challenge the traditional view that high‐quality leader–member exchange relationships lead to positive outcomes. Secondly, examining the different ways in which people describe their perceptions of discrimination deepens our understanding of the equality problems that working women face.     

河道冰体的可爆性研究

冰是一种特殊的固体介质,具有非均匀性、各向异性、应变速率及温度敏感性等特点。本文以黄河爆炸破冰为背景,针对-10℃冰体结构与物理力学性能进行检测,以及冰体在不同加载条件下,所表现的响应特征与破坏特征进行了试验研究。通过分析冰晶体结构与冰内气泡特征,冰体在静载条件下的塑性破坏特征,以及对冰体对爆炸冲击载荷的响应特征,获得冰体的可爆性能与破碎单位体积冰体所需炸药能量计算公式。研究成果可为黄河冰体爆破作业提供理论依据。     

Point Estimates of Test Sensitivity and Specificity from Sample Means and Variances

In a wide variety of biomedical and clinical research studies, sample statistics from diagnostic marker measurements are presented as a means of distinguishing between two populations, such as with and without disease. Intuitively, a larger difference between the mean values of a marker for the two populations, and a smaller spread of values within each population, should lead to more reliable classification rules based on this marker. We formalize this intuitive notion by deriving practical, new, closed-form expressions for the sensitivity and specificity of three different discriminant tests defined in terms of the sample means and standard deviations of diagnostic marker measurements. The three discriminant tests evaluated are based, respectively, on the Euclidean distance and the Mahalanobis distance between means, and a likelihood ratio analysis. Expressions for the effects of measurement error are also presented. Our final expressions assume that the diagnostic markers follow independent normal distributions for the two populations, although it will be clear that other known distributions may be similarly analyzed. We then discuss applications drawn from the medical literature, although the formalism is clearly not restricted to that application.     

A CHILD PSYCHOTHERAPIST IN PRIMARY MENTAL HEALTH

This paper outlines the author's application of psychodynamic thinking and approaches to brief therapeutic work with children, adolescents and their families in community mental health settings. It is the author's belief that systemic and narrative therapy insights and techniques combine well with psychoanalysis in the assessment and treatment of many concerns felt and expressed by parents and young people. The therapist's tasks are to listen empathically to clients who are in distress and to explore the clients' beliefs about the origins of their problems, as well as their previously attempted solutions. In proceeding at the family's pace, opportunities arise for facilitating more effective ways of resolving conflict. Clients are often more free than they realise to change their interpretation of their experience, and this has important consequences for the maintenance and solution of problems. Brief therapy seeks to remind clients of their strengths and resources and to share ways to encourage clients to resume effective ways of learning about themselves.     

元杂剧曲词叙事性片论

作为诗体的元杂剧曲词,无论就其本身来说,还是就其在舞台表演的功能而言,都是以抒情为主体的。但是,这种非常突出的抒情功能,却是叙事为其根基的。这种叙事根基上的抒情,不仅有着显性叙事与隐性叙事的不同形态,而且有着特殊的文学意义与舞台价值。     

透析生活史研究在古德森教师研究中的角色

生活史研究已日渐运用于当代教育研究中。英国教育社会学家艾沃·古德森不仅较早地将其用于课程研究，还更多地用于教师研究。文章考察了古德森不同阶段的教师研究，分析了生活史研究在教师研究中所扮演的角色：为教师生活研究提供研究方法；为在"中间地带"建构理论提供资源；为促成教师"叙事学习"和"叙事教学"场域奠定基础。指出运用生活史研究是古德森教师研究生涯中一以贯之的思想，背后有其对教师深刻的社会关怀。这一思想在其教师研究中扮演着多重角色，对我国教师和教师教育研究者及实践者而言，有诸多借鉴意义。     

Children’s narrative story stem responses: Contributions of executive functioning and language proficiency to relationship representations

Story stem narrative tasks provide insight into young children's inner experiences. Little research has investigated how developmental capacities impact narrative content and process. This study evaluates the influence of executive functioning (EF) and language ability on children's narratives. Data were gathered from 210 low‐income children. EF and language ability were assessed at age 4 and EF was assessed at age 6 via direct examination, cognitive‐motor tasks, and examiner ratings. Children's responses to eight story stems were gathered at age 6; three latent narrative variables were constructed (Prosocial, Aggressive/Conflict, and Avoidance/Danger), and Narrative Coherence was rated. Results of longitudinal path analyses in structural equation modeling demonstrated age 4 EF significantly predicted all narrative outcomes. Language ability independently predicted Prosocial and Narrative Coherence, and had an influence on Aggression/Conflict when modeled with EF. Age 6 EF mediated the relationship between age 4 EF and narrative outcomes. Findings provide insight into developmental abilities that influence on children's narrative responses to challenging interpersonal scenarios. Future research should study parent–child relations, EF, and language abilities simultaneously.     

Fear,Defensive Strategies and Caring for Cognitively Impaired Family Members

One topic rarely addressed in the literature on older adults and interpersonal violence is the violence that can be experienced by family carers in relationship with a person living with cognitive impairment. This violence tends to remain hidden and is rarely framed as intimate partner violence. We examine how situations of intimidation and violence invoked fear in family carers and how they interpreted and reacted to these circum- stances. Interview and diary data were collected from family members who had previously or were currently experiencing some form of aggression in caring for someone with cognitive impairment or dementia. Drawing on discussions of fear and applying the analytic lens of defensive strategies, we explore how these carers responded to situations of intimidation and violence.     

论《镜花缘》中科幻小说之特色

清代长篇小说《镜花缘》的内容丰富多彩,其类属和特点也比较多样。鲁迅说它属博物小说,才艺小说;胡适称它为妇女问题小说,女权小说,等等。此外,小说还描写了一些精彩的科幻故事,包括科幻植物如人吃一颗饱一年的巨米,人吃了能蹿高的蹑空草,长效久饱干粮救荒豆末;包括科幻器物如人穿上能长时间潜水的皮衣皮裤,能连续高速开火的火绳枪—连珠枪,能载人载货飞行的飞车;包括科幻技术,如人能近地但不触地地行进,换心补肺的医术。文章从科学、文学、历史几方面对上述科幻故事进行了考察、解读、诠释、分析、评论,研究总结出：《镜花缘》也具科幻小说之属性和特点,是我国第一部也进行了科学幻想文学创作的长篇小说。