论《生死疲劳》的叙事策略

莫言仅用43天的时间就创作了近50万字的《生死疲劳》,其创作速度之快、文本之厚重、情节之复杂都令人惊奇。《生死疲劳》的成功与莫言独特的叙事策略密不可分,"六道轮回"的叙事模式、灵活多变的叙述视角以及怪诞传奇的叙事情节,不单是吸引读者的因素,更是文本构造的支柱。     

Are the Competent the Morally Good? Perspective Taking and Moral Motivation of Children Involved in Bullying

The present study tested the hypothesis of the cognitively competent but morally insensitive bully. On the basis of teacher and peer ratings, 212 young elementary school children were selected and categorized as bullies, bully–victims, victims, and prosocial children. Children's perspective-taking skills were assessed using theory-of-mind tasks, and moral motivation was assessed with a task about moral emotion attributions after moral rule transgressions. Analyses at the group level revealed that only bully–victims, but not bullies, were characterized by a deficit in perspective taking, while both aggressive groups showed a deficit in moral motivation. Analyses at the individual level, however, revealed that bullies were a more heterogeneous group, including children with an asymmetry between perspective taking and moral motivation, as well as children scoring consistently low or high on both measures. The findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between (1) strategic social–cognitive and moral competencies and (2) different subgroups of bullies.     

《穆天子传》小说性质辨析

迄今为止，《穆天子传》的撰者、成书年代、文本性质等，均可谓学术疑案。从叙事动机出发，依据战国初期前后相关文献的巨大差异，可以认同此书源出赵国后嗣对祖先的追崇。《穆天子传》体式近似起居注，风格却呈现恍惚无征之态，它既非信史著作，亦非上古神话抑或次神话之类。基于社会风尚和读学心理来审视，穆王故实在虚实相生中形成的小说境界，曾一度受到战国末期神仙思维、汉晋时世造仙运动先后影响，最终在历史误读中造就了后人所谓的神话品格。     

《史记》、《汉书》的叙事研究

《史记》和《汉书》的比较渗透于方方面面,早期的比较研究多以优劣为重,后期开始侧重于二者的异同及异同关系的研究。两汉时期正是中国文学发展的重要阶段,中国文学开始由功能性向审美性,由抒情性向理性,由不自觉向自觉的转变。通过《史记》、《汉书》的对比解析,可窥见两者在文学创作中叙事风格异同。     

供给视角的国民经济动员潜力理论探索

国民经济动员潜力建设是国民经济动员准备的首要任务, 国民经济动员潜力的研究将促进国民经济动员学研究的深化。通常认为, 应该针对特定需求来评价国民经济动员潜力；但是, 需求不清一直困扰着国民经济动员潜力研究。在需求不清的情况下, 从超常供给能力的角度来界定动员潜力概念、研究动员潜力生成机制, 是一条可行的途径。在平时状态下, 国民经济体系表现出常规的投入产出关系；在危机状态下, 危机所产生的压力作用于国民经济体系, 将增加特定资源的供给量, 危机状态下的资源供给量的增量, 就是我们所关注的国民经济动员潜力。     

评库切《凶年记事》的多重叙事视角

库切近作《凶年记事》以书中主要人物C先生为视角,深刻揭示了当今社会民主进程中有关政治、经济、道德等方面存在的霸权现象,大胆挑战了普世的理性法则和价值标准,对人们的心理乃至生理上产生的矛盾和困惑做了客观深入的描述。平行发展和交替的多重叙事线,在对立和互补的叙事背后呈现多层次的阅读视野。在对当今黑暗世界的拷问中,库切开启了读者思想的闸门,并以其敏锐的观察和深度的反思唤起了人类对理性价值的思考和对各种隐性霸权的批判。     

Narratives of Low-Income Mothers in Addiction Recovery Centers: Motherhood and the Treatment Experience

ABSTRACT

This study examines the narratives shared by low-income women in addiction recovery centers about the meaning they attach to being a parent in recovery and how they view current program models that include children in daily treatment. Their stories reflect the centrality of the mothering role to women in recovery and offer insights that can guide treatment and program planning with families.     

The role of time perspective in predicting Iranian farmers’ participatory-based water conservation attitude and behavior

ABSTRACT

In current perspective, farmers’ participatory behavior toward conservation of water resources (FPBCWR) is one of the most important strategies under water resource management in rural Iran. In this regard, understanding the predictors of farmers’ participatory-based water conservation behaviors and attitudes is gaining more importance than earlier. Among different dimensions of farmers’ participatory behavior, the potential of temporal frames was examined rarely. Thus, 322 Iranian farmers were investigated to examine the potential of their time perspectives in predicting their participatory-based water conservation behavior and attitude. According to the study results, the effects of present orientation on attitude and behavior were negatively significant, while the effects of future orientation on attitude and behavior were positively significant, whereas its effects (path coefficients) were stronger than present orientation effects. Past orientation did not have a significant effect on attitude, though attitude positively and significantly affected farmers’ participatory behavior. The results of causal analysis revealed that presented model accounted for 58% of variance in farmers’ ‘behavior’ and 42% of variance in “attitude.” In conclusion, a few demonstrable illustrations of policy implications are presented to enable utilizing the important findings and concluding results of this study that is linked further with water resource management domain.     

Ethno-theatre: Exploring a narrative intervention for trafficking survivors

In the age of positivist research inquiry, evidence-based research is gaining momentum. Quantitative data supporting theoretical reasoning is allowing several advances in the Western social work curriculum and practice. However, with increasing emphasis on quantifiable significance of research outcomes, several issues and populations are being underrepresented in social work arena. Historically, the Eastern social work tradition has embraced multiple research approaches from various social science disciplines. Deriving from an anthropological approach, in this article ethno-theatre is used as a tool of narrative therapy for victims of human trafficking to assess its impact of witnessing lived experience narrated by trained actors. Results of this study reveal that staging victim narratives for girls who were sex-trafficked as minors create a cathartic environment of comfort where victims feel positive, important and empowered. This model hypothesizes that ethno-theatre operated within the framework of narrative therapy can expedite the process of recreating victim stories to build a positive social environment in the process of empowering survivors of human trafficking.     

Supportive Group Interventions with Caregivers of Frail Older Adults

The use of supportive group interventions with caregivers of frail older adults is discussed in this article. Four categories of group interventions are described: (1) mutual support groups, (2) psychoeducational groups, (3) social, recreational and educational groups, and (4) service and advocacy groups. Research evidence on the efficacy of group interventions with this population is also considered. Recommendations are made on when to refer caregivers to support groups and on what type of support group is most appropriate. Consideration by practitioners and program planners of a broader range of types of supportive groups is also encouraged.