自然灾害冲击对农村家庭非农就业选择的影响

利用国家重点研发计划重点专项2018年调研数据,构建了自然灾害冲击对农村家庭非农就业选择影响的理论框架,采用Probit模型验证了自然灾害冲击对农户家庭成员非农就业选择的影响。研究发现:自然灾害冲击对农户家庭成员非农就业选择有显著正向影响,这一正向影响会随着自然灾害强度的增加而不断提升;人力资本和社会资本的嵌入,会弱化自然灾害对农户家庭成员非农就业选择的影响,信贷约束却会强化这一影响。这意味着现阶段面对自然灾害冲击,农户家庭成员应积极尝试非农就业,不仅能够促进资本存量重构,还可以缓解家庭生计压力,增加农户家庭收入,避免农户家庭因灾致贫。     

阿多诺的自然美论

阿多诺在《美学理论》中批判了忽视自然美的观点,他认为自然美从美学中消失的根本原因是因为人的自由和尊严概念占据统治地位的结果.正是对主体性的反思促使阿多诺重新思考自然美,他对自然美的提倡同时是对主体性的一种批判.阿多诺对自然美概念的重新思考在今天仍具有现实意义.     

Does media coverage influence public attitudes towards welfare recipients? The impact of the 2011 English riots

Following the shooting of Mark Duggan by police on 4 August 2011, there were riots in many large cities in the UK. As the rioting was widely perceived to be perpetrated by the urban poor, links were quickly made with Britain's welfare policies. In this paper, we examine whether the riots, and the subsequent media coverage, influenced attitudes toward welfare recipients. Using the British Social Attitudes survey, we use multivariate difference‐in‐differences regression models to compare attitudes toward welfare recipients among those interviewed before (pre‐intervention: i.e. prior to 6 August) and after (post‐intervention: 10 August–10 September) the riots occurred (N = 3,311). We use variation in exposure to the media coverage to test theories of media persuasion in the context of attitudes toward welfare recipients. Before the riots, there were no significant differences between newspaper readers and non‐readers in their attitudes towards welfare recipients. However, after the riots, attitudes diverged. Newspaper readers became more likely than non‐readers to believe that those on welfare did not really deserve help, that the unemployed could find a job if they wanted to and that those on the dole were being dishonest in claiming benefits. Although the divergence was clearest between right‐leaning newspaper and non‐newspaper readers, we do not a find statistically significant difference between right‐ and left‐leaning newspapers. These results suggest that media coverage of the riots influenced attitudes towards welfare recipients; specifically, newspaper coverage of the riots increased the likelihood that readers of the print media expressed negative attitudes towards welfare recipients when compared with the rest of the population.     

Theorizing the social: Émile Durkheim's theory of force and energy

This paper offers a new interpretation of Émile Durkheim's The Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1912) as the basis for reconsidering the Tarde–Durkheim debate of 1903 and the distinctions between a theory of social force and a theory of social assemblage. Resisting traditional interpretations of Durkheim's scientism, this essay traces how concepts of force and energy are centrally developed in Elementary Forms to draw new lines between epistemology to ontology for twentieth-century theory. I argue that Durkheim develops an ‘energetic epistemology’ that conceives of the human capacity for shared meaning as a product of invested energy in the form of continually enacted and evolving material practice, thought, and attention. According to Durkheim, when a member of a collective perceives a god or feels belief, he or she actually perceives the accumulated energy of on-going creation and maintenance of objects and ideas by members of a collective. Sacred objects, images, and ideas bear the trace of collective energy the more they are carefully crafted, maintained in spaces that are specially arranged, and written into behavioural codes. This reading of Durkheim allows us to consider him in a lineage of social constructivists and, particularly, in relation to Ludwik Fleck, who has been largely confined to different theoretical discussions when his contributions to sociology have been acknowledged at all. By reconsidering Durkheim, we have occasion to rethink his sociology and understand how he redrew the lines between thought and action, between epistemology and ontology, through the material framework of energy and force.     

“自然历史”：阿多诺对自然的重构

启蒙理性遵循同一性逻辑。同一性意味着概念与实在的分离,且概念替代实在并拥有对实在的控制权。其结果,自我保存理性将内外自然彻底剥离,并实现了对自然的全面统治。否定辩证法的根本特征是否定性,其核心即矛盾,矛盾双方具有向对立面转化的潜能。在阿多诺否定辩证法的框架内,自然并非仅指同一性所赋予的外观——历史的维度,同时也具有原始自然的维度。自然是一种矛盾的存在,而且,它总是处于历史对它的否定与抵抗中,在具有反思性的否定中,自然获得了重建与救赎的可能。阿多诺的自然理论对破除自然与历史、主体与客体的对立具有积极的意义,但他对自然的理解具有观念性,且否定辩证法本身有一定的悖论性。     

国内自然语义元语言理论研究:现状与思考

作为当代语义学的一种新范式,自然语义元语言理论于1972年由波兰语义学派创始人安娜·威尔兹彼卡提出.国内的自然语义元语言理论研究始于20世纪90年代初.1994-2014年,我国学者发表相关论文达五十余篇,出版专著两部,初步建构起一套独特的自然语义元语言理论研究体系.从NSM的本体研究、与其他语义学理论的比较、语义解释力、批判性评价、应用研究等五个方面回顾了20年来国内自然语义元语言理论研究的概况,指出了该领域研究中存在的不足,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

波兰语义学派NSM理论对情感词汇的语义解释力

每种语言都为本民族提供了一套阐释范畴,并按照不同的认知图景使人们的情感体验概念化。这些认知图景又与特定语言的词汇范畴联系在一起,因而赋予了特定文化的价值、态度和意义。波兰语义学派的自然语义元语言(NSM)理论从跨语言和跨文化的视角来研究情感概念及其意义。通过梳理前人的有关论述,以自然语义元语言理论为框架,以普遍性语义基元为释义单位,探讨了NSM理论的化简释义方法及其对情感词汇的语义解释力,展示了应用NSM这一用途广泛的释义工具来准确地表征情感概念的意义。普遍的人类概念是构成人类理解情感概念的基石。基于60多个人类普遍概念的NSM研究方法,无疑将有助于我们更好地理解和把握不同文化的人类情感概念。     

智力资源对物质资源的部分替代与我国集约经济的发展

任何生产活动都需要一定的资源,投入资源之间会形成一定的比例。在很多情况下,投入资源之间的比例是可变的,即资源之间存在着一定程度的替代关系。理想的状况是,是根据各种资源的稀缺程度、效率等因素对其进行合理组合。根据我国经济发展的状况以及资源秉赋,我国应增加智力资源的投入、减少物质资源的消耗,即实现智力资源对物质资源的部分替代,这种替代具有很强的必要性、可能性和现实性。     

国内外自然文化遗产保护与开发比较分析

国家重点风景名胜区是国家乃至人类的自然文化遗产资源,必须通过严格的保护和合理的开发,使其世代传承、永续利用。发达国家对自然文化遗产的保护与发展经过长时间的探索,取得了很多的经验;中国的遗产保护事业起步较晚,与世界上先进国家相比有很大差距。国内外遗产资源保护和开发问题理论和实践的分析,对中国科学保护和合理开发遗产资源多有启示。     

财政扶持政策对西部地区农民参加新农村合作医疗的影响——基于自然实验的研究途径

本文将对西部农民参加新农村合作医疗的财政扶持政策的实施作为一个自然实验,应用微观经济计量方法分析了财政扶持政策对西部农民参加新农村合作医疗的影响。研究结果表明,与2004年相比,2006年西部农民参加新农村合作医疗的概率增加了96.46%,说明针对西部农民参加新农村合作医疗的财政扶持政策作用效果显著。