论鲁迅杂文的自然意象

鲁迅杂文中有着丰富的自然意象,它们是鲁迅关注时代和社会现实的艺术结晶,是强烈的时代情感、深刻的哲理思想和真实的自然物象的高度统一体。鲁迅杂文中自然意象具有鲜明的悲剧色彩和抗争色彩,这种特色的形成有着深刻的生活根源。鲁迅杂文的自然意象也蕴含着丰富的哲理,给人以审美的享受和教育,形成了丰厚而独特的审美意蕴。因此,这种自然意象是一种带有现代“原型”意义的意象类型,具有深远的文学史价值。     

法律思想的现代性转折——对自然法与法律实证主义的再考察

现代性的出现构成了对整个人类社会和人类历史的颠覆性转折,法律思想领域现代性转折即体现为自然法的衰落和法律实证主义的兴起,其中代表性的思想家为英国的托马斯·霍布斯。二战之后出现了新自然法与法律实证主义的论争,但这并不能改变法律思想的现代性特征。     

生态视域中的马克思自然生产力思想

自然生产力思想是马克思生态自然观的重要内容.重申马克思自然生产力思想是解决生态危机的必然要求;马克思自然生产力思想蕴含了丰富而深刻的人与自然的辩证关系,为解决当代生态环境问题,促进人与自然和谐发展,达到社会和谐,提供了新的理论视角和社会实践维度.     

生态文学视野中的苗族古歌艺术

苗族古歌内容丰富,艺术题材广泛,其中有不少作品表现了苗族人民与自然和谐共存、平等共生的特点,并且充满着浓厚的审美意蕴和可贵的诗意情怀,具有浓郁的生态意识,文章试图对苗族古歌艺术的生态意识作一初浅的探索。     

Flooding Risks: A Comparison of Lay People's Perceptions and Expert's Assessments in Switzerland

Experts on the risk of flooding have developed very detailed maps for different parts of Switzerland that indicate the types of damage possible and the probabilities of adverse events. Four categories of risk severity are defined on the maps, ranging from high risk to no risk. Based on these existing maps, we selected respondents for a mail survey, some from areas high in risk and others from low-risk regions. Respondents answered several questions related to flood risk perception and preparedness. Survey results showed that respondents' risk perceptions were correlated with the experts' risk assessments. Respondents who lived in areas designated "no risk" by the experts had lower perceptions of risk than respondents who lived in areas with higher levels of designated risk. With regard to concrete prevention behavior, no differences between people living in different risk areas were observed. Survey results further suggest that many inhabitants do not know that flooding maps exist for their region. Results suggest that in some regions people overestimate the risks associated with flooding. Consequently, some people are more afraid of flooding than is justified by the facts. Some people show prevention behavior that most likely is superfluous. However, in other regions people underestimate the risks associated with flooding. These people do not show prevention behavior, and they are not well prepared for an adverse event. Furthermore, results suggest that respondents' experiences with flooding are positively related to their perceptions of flood risk. Findings of the present study are in line with the availability heuristic.     

论老庄自然审美人格

在老庄道家思想体系中,“自然”一词的基本意义是自然而然,自己如此,自己如是。“人法地,地法天,天法道,道法自然”。“自然”既是宇宙世界的根本规律,更是人类社会的根本规律。在老庄道家人生哲学和美学中,“道法自然”落实为“人法自然”,就是人按照事物的本来样子和人自己的本来样子来理解人性,规范人生,造就一种自然审美人格。这种自然审美人格,从消极方面言,是“莫之命”,“不敢为”,“莫之为”;从积极方面言,是“常自然”,“辅万物之自然”,“常因自然”,“顺物自然”。这样一种非同凡响的自然审美人格,其立足点,不在现实社会,而在幻想的“广漠之野”,“无何有之乡”。     

《环境保护法》修改中的法律目的条款探究(续)

环境资源法部门应当以被修正了的,以“代内公平”、“代际公平”和“权利公平”为主要内容的可持续发展思想为其伦理学起点,以科学发展观为其政治思想基础。如果将《环境保护法》定位为该法律部门的基本法,就应当修改其法律目的条款为:本法的目的是保障与人类息息相关的生态系统和自然环境处于良好的状态,不受不可恢复的污染、破坏,实现人类、经济和社会的可持续发展,谋求人与自然的和谐发展。     

俄罗斯应用语言学研究近况分析

应用语言学是一门极具发展潜力的实用学科,它已经引起语言学及其相关领域越来越多学者的关注。俄罗斯应用语言学近年来无论在理论研究还是在实践方面都取得了长足发展,成果显著。对俄罗斯应用语言学现状的分析阐述可从机器翻译、语言识别、逻辑分析、人工智能系统、自然语言的术语研究等方面进行。这些问题的研究状况某种程度上决定着俄罗斯应用语言学的整体发展和学科走向。     

东晋山水序小议

“序”的含义发生过多次变迁,后来又成为一种文体名称。到东晋时期,山水在“序”中有了较大的比重。东晋山水序从文章结构到语言上都具有开启山水小品文的意义,并且这一文体在叙述内容上也有自己的拓展。同时,由于山水序还没有完全成为一种独立文体,恰恰使它成为最能体现东晋时代美学追求的文本样式。     

Understanding the Relationship Between Direct Experience and Risk Perception of Natural Hazards

Risk perception has been largely examined in studies that have aimed to explain and predict preparedness behavior in the context of natural hazards. Findings from studies on the relationship between previous experience, preparedness, and risk perception in disaster situations have been inconsistent. Hence, the main goal of this work was to explore the influence of physical and emotional experience on risk perception regarding natural hazards. This study was conducted in a statistically representative sample of the city of Iquique, in northern Chile (n = 701), who completed a survey one month after the occurrence of an earthquake and tsunami (8.2 Mw). The survey assessed the experience and preparation actions of survivors in relation to this event. Using a structural equation model, we examined nine proposed relationships, six of which were significant. The final model had an adequate fit (χ² = 752.23, df = 283, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.90, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.049). Direct experience showed the greatest influence on risk perception: while direct physical experience (i.e., the physical and material consequences associated with the earthquake) maintained a direct positive effect on risk perception, direct emotional experience (i.e., the fear of experiencing an earthquake) produced an indirect positive effect (through worry). Emotional experience, however, did not directly influence current preparedness and risk perception. Implications for understanding the relationship between risk perception and direct experience are discussed.