人际间影响敏感性对中国消费者独特性需求的作用机制研究

以本土消费者为样本,采用实证研究方法就消费者的人际间影响敏感性与独特性需求之间的作用关系进行了分析。通过分析发现,从总体来看本土消费者对人际间影响所持有的敏感性对独特性需求产生了促进作用,这种因果关系在一定程度上解释了中国消费者在消费过程中所体现出的从众、攀比、好面子等独特现象的产生机理。     

马斯洛需要理论的片面性及其出路

人的需要是唯物史观的基础性概念。但是我们对它的理解主要来自马斯洛需要层次理论,然而这一理论总体上是不科学的。其最薄弱的地方是颠倒了生理需要和安全需要的关系,错误的原因在于混淆了需要的分类和分层问题,结果就是片面性。出路是把它和马克思主义的需要理论综合起来,把握需要的全面性,因为全面性是需要的基本规律。其理论意义是帮助理解人的本质,人在本质上是全面的;其现实意义是作为人和社会全面发展的依据。     

激励机制与管理

本文论述分三个方面展开 :1、管理中引进激励机制的必要性。 2、激励机制的内涵与特征 ,着重介绍马斯洛的需要层次论。 3、管理中如何使用激励机制     

当代中国价值论研究主要“范式”之比较

当代中国价值论研究中有四大主导性范式--"意义"说、"需要"说、"关系,,说、"人性,,说.这四大范式揭示了中国价值论研究的内在脉络.因此,剖析当代价值论研究的内在脉络,是推进当代价值论研究的重要任务.     

人的需要即人的本性——从马克思的需要理论说起

马克思从有生命的个人的存在以及受肉体组织制约的他们与自然界的关系出发,即从人的需要以及求得满足的方式———生产方式出发来理解人的生命活动的性质,成为合理理解现实的人和各种社会现象的基础。人的需要是由人的本性决定的,而人的本性在马克思那里展现为三重生命的存在,即:"人直接地是自然存在物";"个人是社会存在物";人是"自由的有意识的活动"的存在物。人的本性的需要,实质上是主体人的内在价值的尺度,这通过人的经验事实可以得到合理说明。     

拉动需求+推动改革:继续实施的积极财政政策要有新思路

已经连续实施5年的积极财政政策始终未能在拉动消费需求方面取得令人满意的成效。要延续以往成效并克服上述缺憾,继续实施的积极财政政策应当引入"以改革促增长"的新思路。在拉动需求和推动改革并重的旗帜下,通过一系列举措的相应安排或调整,放大继续实施的积极财政政策的功效。     

信仰的缺失与重塑

信仰是人的目的性要求的终极目标及趋向,是构成人的目的性要求的前提和基点。信仰危机产生于人的目的性要求与自然界、人的目的性要求与现实世界的双向否定性关系。由此提醒我们既要保持清醒的反思批判意识,又要坚持“负责的人性”,从而在创造自身的实践活动中葆有自由的可能和向上的张力。     

Consumer Selection of Food-Safety Information Sources

The aim of this study is to examine the preferences of consumers for different information sources when they have a question about food safety. On the basis of a nationally representative survey conducted in the Netherlands, five distinct consumer groups are identified that not only differ on the reported use of information sources but also regarding several personality characteristics and sociodemographic variables. The empirical results show that two-thirds of the consumers are selective in their use of information sources and prefer either institutional or social sources. So, multiple information-acquisition patterns exist among the general public. The study illustrates how these findings can help to develop effective risk communication strategies.     

The Effects of the Facial Expression of Beneficiaries in Charity Appeals and Psychological Involvement on Donation Intentions

To increase the effectiveness of fundraising campaigns, many human‐need charities include pictures of beneficiaries in their ads. However, it is unclear when and why the facial expression of these beneficiaries (sad versus happy) may influence the effectiveness of charity ads. To answer these questions, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the facial expression on donation intentions, while considering the moderating role of psychological involvement with charities. It found that psychological involvement with charities moderated the impact of the facial expression on donation intentions in that seeing a picture of a sad versus happy person increased intentions to give among participants with lower levels of psychological involvement, whereas the reverse was true for highly involved participants. The moderating effect of psychological involvement was fully explained by the perceived efficacy of one's donation. The findings not only contribute to our understanding of the effect of the facial expression of people pictured in charity appeals on donation behavior, but also suggest that nonprofits should tailor their ads to target potential donors with various levels of psychological involvement with charities.     

Social rights and social resistance: opportunism, anarchism and the welfare state

This conceptually oriented paper adopts a critical perspective on the question of social rights and asks whether, in contemporary circumstances, claims to social welfare based on rights can provide a meaningful basis for social resistance to poverty or oppression. Past approaches to the question of rights as a means of resistance are characterised as either opportunistic or anarchistic. Opportunistic approaches give rise to ameliorative compromise, anarchistic approaches to nihilistic or inherently hopeless struggle. Nonetheless, it is argued, it is possible to conceptualise rights to social welfare in ways that do not obscure the basis of social exploitation and that do project human need as the basis for social resistance.