The role of child care social work in supporting families with children in need and providing protective services—past,present and future

This article examines the way in which child care social work with deprived families has changed and developed since the inception of Children's Departments in 1948. It is argued that between 1948 and 1970 child care social workers enjoyed a fair measure of social support. A variety of reasons are considered for explaining this—specialization, smallness of size, privacy and a consensus about the needs of children. From the early 1970s it is argued that broader societal changes, including a shift away from social solidarity towards individualism, organizational changes and the advent of child abuse as a public concern, resulted in con?icting demands on child care social workers and a subsequent loss of credibility and con?dence. The 1990s have seen a return to emphasis on family support policies which has been further accelerated in the new millennium by New Labour's stated commitment to eliminating child poverty and creating better life opportunities for all children. The implications of these new developments for child care social workers engaged in meeting the needs of children living in highly disadvantaged families are considered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Need as an operating concept: the case of social work with children and families

Need is widely regarded as central to social work practice, yet is equally regarded as far from unproblematic as a concept. Considerable debate has occurred at two levels: the policy/service delivery level and an abstract conceptual level which considers the nature of need. It is suggested here, however, that between these two levels lies an 'operating concept'. This focuses on the problem of defining and identifying need in the immediate circumstances of practice. At this level, two concepts of need are put forward: a 'deficit concept' and a 'differentiated concept'. It is argued that the latter provides a more coherent conceptualization of need. In this concept, need is the superordinate concept which contains within it three subconcepts: problems, supports and resources, which are connected. These are analysed, and their potential as a basis for developing a system of need classification which may be used in practice is explored.     

提高农民科技需求对策研究

科技进步是农业发展的根本出路，农民对科技的需求，是农业科技发展的动力因素之一。本文通过对农民科技需求的动力因素和发展趋势的分析，找出提高农民科技需求的难点，并提出相应的对策．     

公务员社交媒体使用对需求满意度和内在工作动机的影响研究——以上海市公务员为例

尽管社交媒体已经成为政府(公共部门)不可缺少的工作工具之一,并且关于社交媒体对政府(公共部门)影响的研究也很多,但从个人层面上看,很少有研究关注社交媒体使用对于公职人员(公务员)的影响.本文以上海市公务员为样本,在自我决定理论的基础上探析了公务员社交媒体使用和需求满意度及内在工作动机之间的关系.研究结果表明,公务员出于工作目的使用社交媒体与需求满意度(胜任感、关系感和自主感)呈正相关;与内在工作动机也呈正相关.但是,进一步的分析表明,过多使用社交媒体会产生消极影响,公务员出于工作目的使用社交媒体与需求满意度和内在工作动机都呈倒U形关系;且不同类型的社交媒体产生的效应相同(作用力不同).本文是将电子政务与自我决定理论结合进行的一种创新性尝试研究,对于政府(公共部门)管理者如何管理公务员有效使用社交媒体提供了一定的理论借鉴.     

Cohort Changes in the Incidence of Care Need in West Germany Between 1986 and 2005

In Germany, the share of the older population has been continuously growing. Is the increase paralleled by a rising number of frail people, however? In search of an answer, we analyse the development of care need incidence in West Germany between 1986 and 2005 on the basis of longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). The results show a lower transition risk to care need for each successive cohort when all degrees of care need are taken into account. However, no change occurs when only severe care need is measured.     

Congruence and co-operation in social workers' assessments of children in need

This paper examines the concepts of congruence and co‐operation in social work practice with children and families. It describes findings from the author’s own research and attempts to deconstruct the interaction of the two phenomena. Using material from other published research, the paper proposes a model and suggests methods for analysing congruence and co‐operation in the practice context. The key implication is that the depth of a social worker’s understanding of a family situation may affect his or her assessment of parental co‐operation.     

儒家学说与马斯洛“安全需要”的哲学思考

动物的三大本能之一的安全本能在人本主义心理学里被马斯洛归结为。安全需要”，它在人类身上突出表现为意识性的。归属感”等精神或情感需要。中国古代文化、特别是儒家文化的内在本质历来众说纷纭，而作者从这个角度人手，认为儒家学说的实质乃为生存而寻求群体归属的心理需求，个人权利附着在群体意志中。中国古代君权专制和宗法关系、宗教信仰等社会形态的产生以至思维模式、价值观念等皆与此有着深厚的渊源。     

21世纪体育运动保险是体育发展战略的需要

竞技运动在某种程度上存在着危险因素，这些因素直接威胁着运动员的身心健康，影响其运动生命，妨碍体育发展进程，为能更好地战少运动中因危险而造成的损失，建立、建全体育运动保险刻不容缓。     

Resisting your good intentions: substance‐misusing parents and early intervention to support and monitor children in need

Children from substance‐misusing families face elevated risks in growing up well and safe. Early intervention is an opportunity for local authorities to offer support and keep a watching brief on children's welfare. However, the basis upon which agencies voluntarily engage with families in advance of major problems becoming evident is far from straightforward. This qualitative pilot study in Scotland followed professional decision‐making over 6 months (n = 20 professionals) with a small number of families (n = 6) defined as in need of supportive intervention. This support was allied with an intention to monitor the family situation, which, in these data, appeared to affect the willingness of families to engage with services. As services sought to increase their voluntary oversight, sometimes by threatening escalating involvement, so families by various means appeared to resist it. Successful early intervention is reliant on voluntary family participation and thus requires close attention to means of positive and motivated parental engagement to disarm resistance.     

北京联合大学建设应用性大学的原因及实施路径

北京联合大学建设应用性大学的总体发展战略应从市场营销战略的角度出发,依据首都市场的人才需求变化趋势,结合学校自身的特点,学习国外应用性大学办学模式的成功经验,并要制订北京联合大学建设应用性大学的战略步骤和具体策略.