个人信息泄露通知制度中自由裁量的规制研究

我国《个人信息保护法》第57条首次确立了个人信息泄露通知制度,规定了个人信息处理者在发生信息泄露后向有关部门与个人履行通知的义务。个人信息的泄露往往给个人信息主体带来持续性、衍生性的危害,涉及人身、财产安全以及精神损害等方面,故而及时有效的泄露通知能够更好地保护个人信息权益。在涉及履行个人信息泄露通知的义务上,处理者被赋予了一定的自由裁量空间,即采取措施能够有效避免相关危害的,可以不通知个人。基于此,该自由裁量主要存在两个挑战：一是损害了泄露通知引发的声誉制裁有效性,企业在预见到泄露通知带来的巨大商业风险与社会责任时,往往选择内部“消化”处理已经发生的泄露事件,破坏声誉制裁的运行机制;二是个人信息处理者与行政机关之间的信息不对称以及基于显性监管指标的“规制捕获”,导致企业以最容易实现合法外观的方式来满足监管要求,降低合规成本。关于如何规制该制度的自由裁量空间以及如何构建监管部门与商业组织之间协调机制的讨论并未停止。妥当地规制“自由裁量”空间,是个人信息泄露通知制度有效运行的关键。通过借鉴欧美等国个人信息泄露通知制度中关于触发标准、阈值分布等方面令人瞩目的立法政策,基于行政法中第三方义务...     

中标通知书在建设工程招标投标中的法律效力

针对中标通知书在建设工程招标投标中的法律效力问题,采用比较分析的方法,从中标通知书的责任性质、法律效力以及完善立法等方面进行研究,明确了中标通知书具有使建设工程合同成立的法律效力,中国《招标投标法》和《合同法》的相关规定存在缺陷,应修改完善。     

论航空承运人的告知义务

分析了中国和欧盟有关航空承运人告知义务的法律规定,指出中国法律在这方面存在的不足和欧盟法律的可借鉴之处。同时考察了中国法院近年审结的有关航空承运人告知义务的案例 ,在此基础上,对承运人如何履行告知义务进行了详细讨论。文章认为,承运人应将与航空旅客运输相关的规定、行业惯例等以书面的方式,全面充分、清晰明白地告知旅客。     

对于法官的告知权和制止权的思考

告知权和制止权在目前理论界研究的较少。本文选取法官告知权和制止权的具体内容,本质和相互关系、以及两者在审判方式改革中的意义这几个角度对这个问题进行了研究。     

A Tracking and Notification System to Support the North Carolina JOBS Evaluation

Abstract

An integral part of the North Carolina Job Opportunities and basic skills (JOBS) Program evaluation is the longitudinal tracking study. The JOBS Traking and Notification System (JTNS) is a computer program developed to automate administration and tracking in the 12 evaluation counties. The JTNS notifies researchers of survey administration dates, tracks surveys, updates participant status, reports county performance, supports data entry from survey, and supports numerous other administrative tasks. The notification program has helped the counties keep abreast of their progress without the burden of the administrative overhead necessary for this evaluation. The system has performed well and has heightened theinterest of many counties concerning automation.     

Policy Interventions Designed to Combat Sexual Violence: Community Notification and Civil Commitment

SUMMARY

Much attention has been given to the problem of sexual predators and the struggles of the legal-justice system to contain them. In response to public outcry over high-profile sex crimes, federal and state legislators have responded in the past decade with innovative but controversial public policy initiatives, called “sexually violent predator statutes.” In 1996 President Clinton signed “Megan's Law,” mandating all 50 states to develop requirements for convicted sex offenders to register with local law enforcement agencies and to notify communities when a sex offender lives in close proximity. Less publicized have been the civil commitment statutes introduced by 16 states which allow convicted sex offenders to be evaluated for involuntary and indefinite confinement in a psychiatric hospital following their release from prison. This article will review the literature regarding community notification and civil commitment as interventions designed to combat sexual violence. The history and context of each policy will be discussed, as will a review of available research evaluating the impact of each policy. Implications for future research and social policy will be examined.     

Public Attitudes Toward Sexual Offenders and Sex Offender Registration

This study explores the relationship between fear of various types of sexual offenders and a belief that those sexual offenders should be subject to sex offender registration. We hypothesized that those who offend against children would elicit the most fear; consequently, the most feared offenders would be rated as most requiring registration. As part of a telephone survey, 733 participants answered questions about fear of sex offenders and agreement with requirements about registration for offenders convicted of incest, statutory rape, marital rape, pedophilia, date rape, and an offense committed more than 10 years prior. Results indicated that all types of sexual offenders elicited some fear from respondents, and fear was related to support of registration requirements.     

关于重复保险制度的探讨

本文主要探讨了2002年修改后的我国《保险法》中的重复保险制度,指出了有关制度中的不完善之处,包括重复保险的界定不严谨;财产保险与人身保险的划分不严谨;重复保险的通知义务不明确、责任承担方式不科学和缺失退费条款。同时提出了相应的建议,从狭义的方式界定重复保险;商业保险重新划分为损失填补保险与定额给付保险或者将健康和伤害保险从人身保险中抽离出来;明确列出投保人履行通知义务的项目和法律后果、采用连带责任模式和规定合理的重复保险退费标准。     

从国际法角度探析日本排放核废液入海问题

日本2011年4月以来的排放核废液的行为,引起国际社会的广泛关注。该行为既违反了＂对整个国际社会承担的义务＂,也违反了日本依据《联合国海洋法公约》、《伦敦倾废公约》和《及时通报核事故公约》所应承担的义务。同时,因其并不符合《伦敦倾废公约》所规定的免责条件,日本政府也无权援引《伦敦倾废公约》的例外条款为自己开脱责任。     

SPS措施：贸易壁垒还是贸易催化剂————基于发达国家农产品进口数据的经验分析

与食品安全、动植物健康和环境安全密切相关的卫生与植物检疫（SPS）措施成为乌拉圭回合谈判后农产品贸易的主要保护手段。将农产品细分为24章（HS01-24）,从进口国的视角分析其针对每一章农产品实施的SPS措施对该章农产品进口贸易影响的研究表明,SPS措施对农产品进口的影响呈U形,即在SPS措施正式实施的2年左右产生贸易限制作用,之后转化为贸易促进作用;SPS措施对初级农产品（HS01-14）的影响与总体农产品趋势一致,且影响幅度更大;SPS措施对加工农产品（HS15-24）的进口则产生微弱的贸易促进作用。