我国汽车零部件产业运营效率评价

选取"十一五"期间我国汽车零部件产业43家上市公司为样本,运用DEA-Tobit模型分析我国上市汽车零部件公司的运营效率及其影响因素。研究结果显示,我国大部分汽车零部件上市公司运营结构不合理,资源配置效率低下;我国汽车零部件产业全要素生产率的增长主要源于规模效率的增长,而纯技术效率的不高影响了全要素生产率的进一步提升;公司人均资本、存货周转率和股权性质与公司运营效率有显著的正相关性。     

Supplier integration,operational capability and firm performance: an investigation in an emerging economy environment

Abstract

The literature on supplier integration’s (SI) impact on firm performance is intertwined with mixed findings in terms of definitional differences, study context, specific integration components, and the types of relationships examined. This study contributes to the supplier integration and firm performance (SI-FP) literature by investigating how and when supplier integration influences firm performance. Drawing on the relational view, the resource-based view, and the Dynamics Capability theories, we suggest that improvements in firm performance from the supplier integration perspective are dependent on gains in operational capabilities. We test this dependency with survey data from firms in Ghana, a developing economy. The results show positive significant relationships between supplier integration and competitive operational capabilities and between supplier integration and firm performance. Our results highlight the importance for managers in developing economies and elsewhere to improve their firms’ operational capabilities and competitiveness by investing in supplier integration. We also discuss implications of these findings for research.     

形象广告何以重塑形象--对《人民日报》等四家国家级媒体取消形象广告的理论思考

形象广告是借助大众传播媒介所进行的一种广告信息的沟通活动,由于其运作过程存在许多错误,引发了强烈的舆论抨击.文章通过对<人民日报>、<光明日报>、<经济日报>和新华社合力围剿形象广告这一事件所进行的理论思考指出:形象广告具有独特的传播效果,不应停止刊登此类广告,而应制定科学规范的运作原则,使形象广告走上健康发展之路.     

我国企业应用作业成本法的思路探讨

作业成本法是一种先进的成本计算和管理方法。日益激烈的市场竞争形成对企业应用作业成本法的强大外部压力,其最终将转变成企业自觉应用作业成本法的内在动力。特别是随着我国市场机制的完善和现代企业制度的建立,必将促使更多的企业运用作业成本法。本文就我国企业应用作业成本法的现实基础、指导思想和基本模式等问题进行了探讨。     

Some finite sample properties of generalized ridge regression estimators

In this paper we study the mean square error properties of the generalized ridge estimator. We obtain the exact and the approximate bias and the mean square error of the operational generalized ridge estimator in terms of G( ) functions. We show, among other things, that the operational generalized ridge estimator does not dominate the ordinary least squares estimator up to a certain order of approximation. Finally, we note that the iterative procedures to obtain coverging ridge estimators should be used with caution.     

Practical usage of O'Brien's OLS and GLS statistics in clinical trials

Multivariate techniques of O'Brien's OLS and GLS statistics are discussed in the context of their application in clinical trials. We introduce the concept of an operational effect size and illustrate its use to evaluate power. An extension describing how to handle covariates and missing data is developed in the context of Mixed models. This extension allowing adjustment for covariates is easily programmed in any statistical package including SAS. Monte Carlo simulation is used for a number of different sample sizes to compare the actual size and power of the tests based on O'Brien's OLS and GLS statistics.     

人与环境匹配:一个基于员工-组织复合型视角的模型

人与环境匹配(P-E fit)的纷繁概念和理论导致匹配的评价颇为模糊,这也给理论研究和管理实践造成了困扰。整理述评了P-E fit的不同概念定义和操作定义,从员工视角和组织视角分析整理了P-E fit各种理论,提出了十个相关命题,构建了一个基于员工-组织复合型视角的P-E fit综合评价模型。此模型不仅可有效测量P-E fit,而且是一个可操作性强的人力资源管理实践模型。     

The Implications of Utilizing Market Information and Adopting Agricultural Advice for Farmers in Developing Economies

To alleviate poverty in developing countries, governments and non‐governmental organizations disseminate two types of information: (i) agricultural advice to enable farmers to improve their operations (cost reduction, quality improvement, and process yield increase); and (ii) market information about future price/demand to enable farmers to make better production planning decisions. This information is usually disseminated free of charge. While farmers can use the market information to improve their production plans without incurring any (significant) cost, adopting agricultural advice to improve operations requires upfront investment, for example, equipment, fertilizers, pesticides, and higher quality seeds. In this study, we examine whether farmers should use market information to improve their production plans (or adopt agricultural advice to improve their operations) when they engage in Cournot competition under both uncertain market demand and uncertain process yield. Our analysis indicates that both farmers will use the market information to improve their profits in equilibrium. Hence, relative to the base case in which market information is not available, the provision of market information can improve the farmers' total welfare (i.e., total profit for both farmers). Moreover, when the underlying process yield is highly uncertain or when the products are highly heterogeneous, the provision of market information is welfare‐maximizing in the sense that the maximum total welfare of farmers is attained when both farmers utilize market information in equilibrium. Furthermore, in equilibrium, whether a farmer adopts the agricultural advice depends on the size of the requisite upfront investment. More importantly, we show that agricultural advice is not always welfare improving unless the upfront investment is sufficiently low. This result implies that to improve farmers' welfare, governments should consider offering farmer subsidies.     

Capacity Planning with Financial and Operational Hedging in Low‐Cost Countries

The authors of this article outline a capacity planning problem in which a risk‐averse firm reserves capacities with potential suppliers that are located in multiple low‐cost countries. While demand is uncertain, the firm also faces multi‐country foreign currency exposures. This study develops a mean‐variance model that maximizes the firm's optimal utility and derives optimal utility and optimal decisions in capacity and financial hedging size. The authors show that when demand and exchange rate risks are perfectly correlated, a risk‐averse firm, by using financial hedging, will achieve the same optimal utility as a risk‐neutral firm. In this study as well, a special case is examined regarding two suppliers in China and Vietnam. The results show that if a single supplier is contracted, financial hedging most benefits the highly risk‐averse firm when the demand and exchange rate are highly negatively related. When only one hedge is used, financial hedging dominates operational hedging only when the firm is very risk averse and the correlation between the two exchange rates have become positive. With both theoretical and numerical results, this study concludes that the two hedges are strategic tools and interact each other to maximize the optimal utility.     

Operational Hedging and Diversification under Correlated Supply and Demand Uncertainty

When facing supply uncertainty caused by exogenous factors such as adverse weather conditions, firms diversify their supply sources following the wisdom of “not holding all eggs in one basket.” We study a firm that decides on investment and production levels of two unreliable but substitutable resources. Applying real options thinking, production decisions account for actual supply capabilities, whereas investment decisions are made in advance. To model triangular supply and demand correlations, we adapt the concepts of random capacity and stochastic proportional yield while using concordant ordered random variables. Optimal profit decreases monotonically in supply correlation and increases monotonically in supply–demand correlation. Optimal resource selection, however, depends on the trivariate interplay of supply and demand and responds non‐monotonically to changing correlations. Moreover, supply hedges (i.e., excess capacity at alternative sources) can be optimal even if supply resources are perfectly positively correlated. To accommodate changing degrees of correlation, the firm adjusts the lower margin capacities under random capacity; but under stochastic proportional production capability, it uses either low‐ or high‐margin capacities to create tailored “scale hedges” (i.e., excess capacity at one source which can partially substitute for diversification).