国家能力、出口复杂度与经济增长波动 ——来自178个国家面板数据的经验证据

作为生产产品所需要的不可交易的投入品集合,国家能力的增加不但有利于经济产出的增长,而且能够增强经济体系中供给和需求的稳定性,进而有利于降低经济产出的波动性;出口复杂度的高低可以反映一国能力的多少,因而出口复杂度的提高可以降低供给波动、需求波动和产出波动.对1998—2017年178个样本国家的分析发现:出口复杂度的提高...     

科学公理:基本概念和基本假设

科学公理亦称科学观念,它是科学理论的逻辑前提或概念框架.本文论述了科学公理的两大范畴即基本概念和基本假设的涵义和形成.     

印度对中国崛起的认知

在中印共同崛起的大背景下,探究印度对中国崛起的认知尤为必要。通过皮尤＂全球态度调查＂项目的数据可见印度对中国崛起的认知呈现＂负面＂态势。究其原因,在个人层面,印度公众对中国的无知与冷漠以及某些媒体记者对中国的歪曲报道直接造成这一结果;在国家层面,中印之间在边界争端、西藏问题、中印巴和中美印这四个关键议题上存在分歧,而这些敏感的议题又通过媒体的肆意渲染而影响印度公众对中国崛起的认知;印度公众对中国崛起的认知源于中印之间存在的＂安全困境＂。     

论经济人的理性冲突及行为目标

基于经济人假设的传统经济理论认为人们具有完全理性能力,但现实中行为人的决策理性程度.经常处于完全理性与有限理性两种情境的转换之中.从研究范式和最终行为目标两个视角来看,完全理性情境下人们遵循最优化原则追求决策收益的最大化;而有限理性情境下则遵循决策收益和过程的满意原则.基于经济人的行为心理及认知能力来分析,追求主观幸福感最大化才是人类经济行为的最终唯一目标.建立于行为经济人基础上的经济发展理论与实践.才是一个国家和地区以人为本、和谐发展的必然要求.     

环境分权、地方政府竞争对绿色技术创新影响的“本地—邻地”效应

随着绿色发展成为五大发展理念之一,各地政府推进绿色技术创新成为降低环境污染和提高增长质量的主要途径。为了考察地方政府环境分权和竞争对绿色技术创新影响的“本地—邻地”效应,本文利用非期望产出EBM模型测度绿色技术创新程度,并将绿色技术创新指数引入动态空间杜宾模型。最后,结合2003-2017年中国省级面板数据进行实证分析。研究发现：(1)绿色技术创新具有显著的路径依赖、空间集聚以及邻近地区的策略竞争效应;(2)环境分权对本地和邻地绿色技术创新的影响呈“U型”变动特征,且现阶段并未跨越分权驱动创新的临界点;(3)环境分权与地方政府竞争的交互效应整体为负,环境行政分权、环境监察分权和环境监测分权等不同类型环境分权采取的策略并不相同;(4)区域环境分权产生的绿色技术创新激励效应存在异质性,中西部地区环境分权对绿色技术创新的激励效果更强。     

如何发现DNA是生命的遗传物质

从核酸的发现到DNA双螺旋结构模型建立历时80余年,人类最终确认了DNA是生命的遗传物质,解决了一个生命科学研究中极其关键的重大问题。因此,对此段历史的研究具有重要意义。全面回顾此间发生的对揭示DNA的结构和功能具有重要影响的事件,包括米歇尔发现核酸、列文提出＂四核苷酸假说＂、格里菲斯等人的转化实验、査伽夫提出碱基配对规律,以及沃森和克里克建立DNA双螺旋结构模型,在此基础上阐述人类发现DNA是遗传物质的研究历程,进而探讨科学研究的规律。     

飞秒化学与盐类水解反应机理的假设

以飞秒化学思想为指导,以酸碱质子理论为依据,探索盐类水解反应的机理,有助于建立盐类水解的新概念。     

联结主义理论与英语阅读教学

联结主义理论给英语教学新的启示。本文在理论分析的基础上,结合英语阅读教学的现状和个人教学实践,提出了阅读教学中应用联结主义的教学步骤。探讨了强化注意程度,激活输入的语言信息,提高输出意识的教学方法。     

Is there a relationship between burnout and objective performance? A critical review of 16 studies

Previous research has suggested that high levels of burnout lead to impaired functioning on the job. However, as this research has usually relied on self-reported performance, it is imperative to examine whether this association is also confirmed when using “objective” performance data (e.g., supervisor reports). This study reviewed previous research on the associations between burnout (exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) and various types of objective performance. A systematic literature search identified 16 studies dealing with the burnout-performance relationship. These studies showed the wide variety of approaches that are used to study burnout and objective performance. Using data from these 16 studies, a meta-analysis was conducted to obtain mean correlations. The meta-analytical correlations between exhaustion and in-role behaviour (based on five studies), organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB; five studies), and customer satisfaction (two studies) were -.22, -.19, and -.55, respectively, underlining the practical relevance of burnout research for organizational performance. The evidence for the relationships between depersonalization, personal accomplishment, and performance was inconclusive. Future research should focus on valid indicators of job performance, should more often employ longitudinal designs and large samples, and should consider the theoretical basis for the study expectations more extensively.     

Modeling the demand reduction input-output (I-O) inoperability due to terrorism of interconnected infrastructures.

Interdependency analysis in the context of this article is a process of assessing and managing risks inherent in a system of interconnected entities (e.g., infrastructures or industry sectors). Invoking the principles of input-output (I-O) and decomposition analysis, the article offers a framework for describing how terrorism-induced perturbations can propagate due to interconnectedness. Data published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis Division of the U.S. Department of Commerce is utilized to present applications to serve as test beds for the proposed framework. Specifically, a case study estimating the economic impact of airline demand perturbations to national-level U.S. sectors is made possible using I-O matrices. A ranking of the affected sectors according to their vulnerability to perturbations originating from a primary sector (e.g., air transportation) can serve as important input to risk management. For example, limited resources can be prioritized for the "top-n" sectors that are perceived to suffer the greatest economic losses due to terrorism. In addition, regional decomposition via location quotients enables the analysis of local-level terrorism events. The Regional I-O Multiplier System II (RIMS II) Division of the U.S. Department of Commerce is the agency responsible for releasing the regional multipliers for various geographical resolutions (economic areas, states, and counties). A regional-level case study demonstrates a process of estimating the economic impact of transportation-related scenarios on industry sectors within Economic Area 010 (the New York metropolitan region and vicinities).