论合同有效中的缔约过失责任

缔约过失责任一般在合同不成立、无效或者被撤销时,才可能产生.但在合同有效时也有可能产生缔约过失责任.因为,缔约过失责任的本质是违反先合同义务的法律后果,在合同的有效时,违反先合同义务的情形也可能存在,相应的缔约过失责任也应存在.     

师道即师责,师责重于山——读《李良玉历史研究与教育文选》

师道,即“教人以道”,是教师责无旁贷之职责,义不容辞之要务。师道是一种责任。《李良玉历史研究与教育文选》一书凝聚着李良玉教授浓厚的“师道即师责”传统。在学业上,他耐心和细致地教诲每一个学生;在生活上,他如同对待子女般地关心他们。李良玉教授在用自己的行动诠释着新时期师道的真谛。     

高校负债风险防范指标体系的建立

目前我国高等教育事业呈现适度超前发展态势,大多数高校存在负债经营状况,且呈上升趋势,为了有效防范负债经营所带来的风险,保障高校快速有序发展,必须建立高校负债风险防范指标体系。     

被保险人因“履行道德上义务”所致之损害——评中国台湾地区高等法院台中分院2012年度保险上易1判决

此件系争事故发生既出于被保险人之故意,则依中国台湾地区《保险法》第29条第2项但书规定,损害出于投保人或被保险人之故意者,保险人不负保险责任。然此件被保险人复主张,其接受捐肝手术之行为,乃为救助其夫,虽出于故意但属“履行道德上义务”,依中国台湾地区《保险法》第30条,保险人对于因“履行道德上义务”所致之损害应负赔偿责任。根据英美法上的“公众良心标准”,此件被保险人捐肝救夫之行为,其故意行为乃造成身体之伤害,而其欲成就之利益乃救助丈夫性命,两相权衡,其欲成就之利益显大于因故意行为而造成之损害,故保险人应负理赔之责。     

合同法诚信原则之研究简

诚信原则作为民法的基本原则对于私法的发展起着举足轻重的作用,而合同法中的诚信原则更是以其诚实、善意、公正的理念受到了人们的推崇。根据合同成立的不同阶段,合同法中的诚信原则的具体内涵主要包括：一是磋商中的诚信,即在合同谈判过程中,双方当事人不得以恶意隐瞒、欺诈及胁迫等形式促使合同的成立;二是诚信履行。即双方当事人在合同履行阶段应当按照交易的本旨勤勉的履行合同,不得滥用权利,违反诚信、恶意履行;三是合同终止后的诚信义务,通常表现为合同终止后的通知、协助及保密的义务。在以合意为中心构建而成的古典契约法理论和绝对契约自由遭到抨击之时．诚信原则犹如普罗米修斯之火给合同法带来了新生,以诚信原则为基础的关系契约论的兴起,限制了绝对的契约自由,将传统的“铁面无私”的合同法重塑为富有“人类真情实感”的合同法。     

Developing a Wide Easy-to-Generate Class of Bivariate Copulas

As of late, copulas have drawn great attention in stochastic simulation, financial engineering, and risk management. Their power lies under their ability of modeling dependent random variables. Using a known theorem in probability which proves that the fractional part of the sum of a uniform and an arbitrary independent continuous random variable follows a uniform distribution, we construct a wide class of bivariate copulas in which bivariate random vector generation can be performed easily. Some important members of this new class and their properties together with two invariant correlation measures and some insights in their application are presented.     

Student budgets and widening participation: Comparative experiences of finance in low and higher income undergraduates at a northern red brick university

Drawing on a thematic analysis of longitudinal qualitative data (n_total = 118), this article takes a “whole student lifecycle” approach to examine how lower and higher income students at an English northern red brick university variously attempted to manage their individual budgets. It explores how students reconcile their income—in the form of loans, grants, and bursaries—with the cost of living. Four arenas of interest are described: planning, budgeting, and managing “the student loan”; disruptions to financial planning; the role of familial support; and strategies of augmenting the budget. In detailing the micro‐level constraints on the individual budgets of lower and higher income undergraduates, the article highlights the importance of non‐repayable grants and bursaries in helping to sustain meaningful participation in higher tariff, more selective, higher education institutions. It also supports an emerging body of literature that suggests that the continuing amendments to the system of funding higher education in England are unlikely to address inequality of access, participation, and outcome.     

The moral hazard of conditionality: Restoring the integrity of social security law

This article examines the extent to which the Australian and UK social security systems meet their legal obligations to provide basic relief to citizens in need. Conditionality and “mutual obligation” are at the core of both the UK and Australian social security systems and are based on the concept of moral hazard, the goal being to ensure that claimants do not consider living on benefits to be preferable to engaging in paid work. Yet, we argue that the element of “mutuality” is missing in both systems; welfare claimants are subject to myriad conditions and obligations, whilst the state operates free of any legal responsibility to provide even basic relief to those in need, to prevent or alleviate extreme poverty and destitution. We outline the extent to which Australian and UK social security laws require governments to relieve destitution, examining both domestic and human rights law. We conclude that legal protections are weak and that both systems fail to meet the basic conditions of humanity toward their citizens. On this basis, we argue that such failings demonstrate a lack of integrity which undermines the standing of both the UK and Australia to invoke a claim of moral hazard to defend claimant conditionality.     

"天人合一"思想的科学哲学新思维

近年来,有关"天人合一"传统文化思想的研究呈逐年上升之势,学界对"天人观"提出了不同的现代阐释理念.从传统"天人合一"思想的"内容"与"盲区"到新"天人合一"思想的科学哲学新思维,并上升到"宇宙关系民主论"的广度与深度,说明这是一个永恒的主题,有做不完的文章.     

第三人侵权情况下经营者安全保障义务：由案件生发

基于双方不同的利益诉求和预期,在对经营者安全保障义务标准上存在不同理解,尤其是在第三人介入侵权的情形下,经营者基于安全保障义务而承担侵权责任的情形更为复杂。我国《侵权责任法》规定了经营者承担的是一种补充责任,但从内在法理机理和社会对于立法预期考察,其承担直接侵权责任更有利于实现立法目的。