我国反垄断法应当设置刑事制裁制度

非法垄断行为直接侵害自由、公平的有效竞争秩序,破坏市场经济的自由根基,进而损害国家利益、整体经济利益和社会公共利益,具有“应刑罚性”。因此,我国反垄断法应当设置刑事责任制度。我国应当学习借鉴发达的市场经济国家在反垄断立法和执法方面的经验,运用本身违法原则或“先行政后司法”原则来分清垄断行为的罪与非罪界限,对行政垄断、卡特尔、纵向价格限制、滥用市场支配地位等垄断行为实施刑事惩戒,充分发挥刑罚在竞争法律责任体系中的补充作用。     

网络犯罪的理论与立法问题研究

网络犯罪在刑法上属于特殊类型的犯罪。随着计算机信息网络的进一步发展,在理论上对网络犯罪问题的研究也日益受到关注。在理论和立法上,概括了网络犯罪概念的各种学说并进行了分析,提出了界定网络犯罪的见解;在犯罪构成上,论述了网络犯罪客体的复杂性、行为方式的独特性、犯罪主体的智能型和主观罪过的预见性,提出了完善立法的意见;在刑事处罚上,提出了我国刑法对网络犯罪的处罚规定存在的缺陷以及立法建议。     

论刑罚执行理念的新动向

监禁刑罚有着种种自身难以克服的缺陷,常常造成罪犯被社会的驱逐,人是社会性动物,行刑社会化是行刑方式改革的方向之一;人性与人道体现了刑法的人文关怀,是刑罚设置与执行必须遵守的法则;刑罚的执行,其关注焦点应从单纯地考察行为转变为行为和行为人的人格因素并重;刑罚执行中过度的去伦理道德化导致刑法的公众认同危机,伦理道德成份的合理回归值得肯定。     

Human capital,family structure and religiosity shaping British Muslim women’s labour market participation

Economic activity among Muslim women in the UK remains considerably lower and their unemployment rate significantly higher than among the majority group even after controlling for qualifications and other individual characteristics. This study utilises two data sets to explore possible factors underlying these differences, such as overseas qualifications, language skills and religiosity. It reveals that while religiosity is negatively associated with labour market participation among British Christian-White women, economic activity among Muslim women are not negatively affected by high religiosity. Furthermore, family structure and the presence of dependent children were among the most important factors explaining the latter’s labour market participation, although these relationships were moderated by qualifications. More women with higher qualifications were economically active even if married and with children, although some of them experienced greater unemployment, probably due to discrimination in recruiting practices and choices and preferences on religious grounds.     

A propensity score matching analysis of the relationship between victim sex and capital juror decision-making in North Carolina

A small body of prior research has examined the impact of victim sex on jury death penalty decision-making and the majority of this research has demonstrated some evidence of a “female victim effect” such that cases involving a female victim are more likely to receive the death penalty than similarly situated cases with a male victim. However, within this line of research studies have suggested that victim sex may work in conjunction with other case characteristics. In order to further explore this phenomenon, the current study examines a near-population of death penalty cases from North Carolina (n = 1069) from 1977–2009 using propensity score matching. Results demonstrate that once cases are matched on more than 50 legal and extralegal case characteristics, there is no statistically significant or substantive link between victim sex and death penalty decision-making. Findings suggest that it is concrete differences in the legal and extralegal factors observed in cases with female victims compared to male victims that shape jury death sentence decisions rather than a direct effect of victim sex (before matching: OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.20–1.95; p < .001/after matching: OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.66–1.24; p = .52). Study limitations and implications are also discussed.     

论绝对确定的死刑及其替代措施

1997年刑法典规定了绝对确定的法定刑———死刑,即刑法第239条绑架罪和刑法第121条劫持航空器罪。但是,结合刑法第49条对于未成年人和怀孕的妇女不适用死刑的规定,他们如果犯绝对的死罪,应该如何追究刑事责任,立法上缺乏一个制度上的规定,即死刑的替代和变易措施。因此,如果不废除绝对确定的法定刑,必须修改刑法第49条,予以完善。     

罪刑法定主义派生原则的功能廓清

　　摘要：  时至今日,罪刑法定原则已经从绝对转向相对、从理论原则转向司法原则。这一转变体现了有利于被告人的精神,进一步增加了该原则的出罪功能。与之相适应,罪刑法定派生原则的功能也应随之转变。首先,不应一概排斥习惯法;鉴于习惯法出罪去刑功能上的特性,还应当将习惯法纳入刑法渊源之列。其次,类推解释也不应一概禁止,有利于被告人的类推解释应当允许;同样,在扩张解释与限制解释上也应作有利于和不利于被告人之分,并区别对待。最后,在刑法解释的溯及力问题上,不应一律赋予其溯及力,并且应当禁止不利于被告人的刑法解释溯及既往。     

先秦的“法治”思想和实践考量

先秦法家在与儒家“礼治”的争论中提出“法治”思想,并与战国时期富国强兵的国家策略结合,变法图存的“法治”实践此起彼伏。其中最为成功的是秦国的商鞅变法,秦国由此迅速崛起并最终吞并六国,建立起统一的封建国家。秦帝国的建立是“法治”思想和实践的里程碑,大秦将集权专制和“法治”相互糅合,将法家重刑思想发展到极端,走向了崇尚暴力和滥刑滥杀的野蛮恐怖境地,导致天下怨叛,秦王朝二世而亡,君权至上最终将法治引向了集权专制的死胡同。     

论刑罚资源的有效配置

对刑罚意义的不同理解以及对刑罚目的的不同追求直接决定着刑事制裁方式的选择。刑罚的目的是通过加重犯罪所需要的成本来制止犯罪,从而得到最佳的刑罚效益。在刑罚资源有限的前提下,如何选择有效的刑事制裁方式,以最合理、最小量的刑罚成本投入,最大限度获取刑罚效益,始终是一个难题。从刑罚经济分析的角度,研究犯罪与刑罚的关系,有助于实现刑罚资源的有效配置,促进刑事司法活动成本减少、效益增大,进而更好地惩治犯罪与预防犯罪。     

SPECIAL ISSUE： EXAMINING THE DEATH PENALTY IN CHINA An empirical study of the application of death penalty

本文以最高法院示范性案例中的全部“死罪”案例为样本进行法律解释学的实证研究，发现了犯罪中是否构成死罪、死罪中是否适用死刑、死刑中是否立即执行的一些重要不同，并根据这些发现认为，法律解释既是规范判断又是自主判断，应尽可能提高法律本身的明确性以呼唤死刑适用更大程度上向规范层面的回归。