我国养老保险机制转轨后存在的问题及改革思路

我国养老保险机制转轨后又出现了一系列困扰社会保障事业健康发展的新问题 ,这既有制度设计方面的现实原因 ,也有转轨成本方面的历史原因。今后我国养老保险筹资模式的改革应该从纵向化解当前养老保险的转轨成本 ,从横向进行科学合理的制度设计     

我国城镇居民社会成就归因实证研究——以湖北省利川市为例

自1958年美国心理学家弗里茨·海德创立了归因理论后,关于成就归因的研究已经日趋成为各个学科关注的焦点。在总结回顾国内外有关归因研究文献的基础上,以湖北省利川市市民样本数据为依据,采用定量分析的方法进行研究。通过对社会成就归因数据的因子分析,得出了我国城镇居民社会成就归因的二维分类,即内归因倾向的个人因素归因和外归因倾向的家庭社会因素归因。通过对社会成就归因数据的多元回归分析,得出了我国城镇居民：性别、年龄、户口类型以及婚姻状况对内在个人素质因子和外在家庭社会因子均没有显著性影响;受教育程度、年总收入对内在个人素质因子和外在家庭社会因子均有不同程度与不同范围的显著影响。通过线性回归模型的建立,解释了我国城镇居民社会成就归因的影响因素和现状以及社会开放性和公平程度,并得出有意义的结论：城镇居民的性别公平、户籍公平已经逐步走向完善与成熟;人力资本和经济状况仍然影响着城镇居民的归因态度和倾向;城镇居民倾向于对获得社会成就来说内外因素都首要。     

Individual interviews or focus groups? Interview format and women’s self-disclosure

Individual interviews have traditionally been an important method of data collection in multiple disciplines, including psychology. However, research comparing individual interviews with focus groups has generated mixed results regarding which method is more effective in investigating sensitive topics. The purpose of the present study was to directly compare the two methods with respect to young women’s verbalizations on a sensitive topic, namely their thoughts and feelings related to body image. Female undergraduate students were randomly assigned to an individual interview (n = 32) or focus group (n = 33). Participants in the individual interviews disclosed more personal thoughts and feelings about body image and had more positive perceptions of the interpersonal climate of their sessions than participants in the focus groups. These findings suggest that individual interviews may provide women with a more supportive environment in which to discuss sensitive topics.     

比较与启示:欧盟和美国个人信息商业利用规范模式研究

我国目前尚没有专门的个人信息商业利用规范,比较欧盟和美国的相关规范对构建我国个人信息商业利用规范具有重要的借鉴意义。欧盟采取统一立法模式,规定了较完善的个人信息权利,信息利用者有主动保护个人信息权利的义务,设立专门的监管机构负责监管;美国则采取分散立法与行业自律相结合模式,没有明确个人信息权利,其认为保护个人信息并非一概是信息利用者的义务,也未设置统一的监管机构。欧盟模式和美国模式各有所长,我国在构建个人信息商业利用规范时,应当扬长避短,采取立法与自律相结合的模式,借鉴欧盟模式明确个人信息权利,灵活设置信息利用者的风险控制义务、告知义务等,设立专门的监管机构,实现个人信息保护与信息利用的利益平衡。     

侵犯公民个人信息罪刑事判决实证研究——以2015-2018年335份相关生效判决为样本

经过两部刑法修正案和一部司法解释的修订与细化,侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益、罪状模式和刑罚规则已较为完整。然而随着数据产业的深入发展,通过对该罪335份生效刑事判决的实证分析可知,个人信息犯罪刑事规制存在保护法益滞后、法人责任追诉缺失、信息认定规则模糊、罚金刑适用差距大和缓刑适用不确定性高等主要问题。对此,应确立个人信息权为保护法益、优化法人责任结构、细化信息认定规则、完善罚金刑裁量标准和为缓刑适用注入确定性,以期进一步提升侵犯公民个人信息犯罪刑事规制的实效性与法治性。     

欧盟个人数据保护法上的反自动化决策权研究

在大数据时代,信息成为一项重要的社会资源,如何开发和利用数据是现代社会无可回避的问题。个人数据保护法随着科学技术和数据产业的发展备受关注。其中,欧盟对个人数据立法的研究和相关法律的规定较为成熟,其赋予了数据主体多种数据权利。最新成果体现在2016年的《一般数据保护条例》(GDPR),其规定的反自动化决策权也成为了理论和实务界的焦点。但对于反自动化决策权的研究尚需进一步深入,包括明晰反自动化决策权的概念和理论基础、反自动化决策权的权利架构及反自动化决策权对我国个人信息保护立法的启示等。希望通过对反自动化决策权的研究,为我国未来个人信息保护立法提供借鉴。     

Understanding disabling barriers: a fruitful partnership between Disability Studies and social practices?

Disabled people are regularly denied their human rights, since policies and laws are hard to translate literally into practice. This article aims to make connections between social practice theories and Disability Studies, in order to understand the problems faced by disabled people, using different methods to look in detail at how practices are shaped and how disabled people get excluded. Disabled people are active agents in making change, both informally on an everyday basis and through formal actions. Thus we also suggest that the insights of disabled people could bring a fresh perspective to social practice theories, by troubling the taken-for-granted in our everyday lives.     

The role of apathy,personal insecurity,and socio-economic status in formation of risk-taking behavior among university students

The primary purpose of the current study was to explore the role of apathy and personal insecurity in risk-taking behavior among university students. Furthermore, it examined the influence of socio-economic factors (such as age, gender, and education) on risk-taking behavior. For this purpose, 882 university students elicited their responses through self-structured questionnaire. Factor analysis and reliability analysis were applied to test the reliability, validity, and robustness of scales. Bivariate analysis was used to test hypothesis, independent T-test was used to examine the differences in categories of risk-taking behavior, and multiple linear regression was used to scrutinize model fit. There was association between apathy, personal insecurity, socio-economic characteristics (such as gender, education, and father education) and risk-taking behavior of the university students. The current study would add to empirical foundation to build a theoretical framework of risk-taking behavior based on education, age, income, and residential background. This study contributes to the academic scholarship by explaining individual differences based on socio-economic status in prediction of risk-taking behavior. Furthermore, it provides a different theoretical insight and logical explanation of risk-taking propensity for constructs of apathy and personal insecurity. To the best knowledge of the researchers, it is first study to explain the association apathy, personal insecurity and risk-taking behavior through quantification of data among resourceful group of youth.     

申领居民身份证中指纹信息法律保护的范畴､困境与化解进路

指纹信息作为关涉人格尊严和人格平等的个人信息,兼具生物辨识性和个人敏感性,承载着应受法律保护的人格利益。作为公民必不可少的身份证明文件,居民身份证的领取与否直接影响着个体权利在现实生活中的享有与实践。国家要求公民申领居民身份证时登记指纹信息可能存在比例原则之有违困境。针对上述困境,在完善我国公民申领居民身份证指纹信息的法律保护时,应以特殊化保护?精细化保护与体系化保护为化解进路,在个人信息保护和国家为公众利益收集利用个人信息之间?在指纹信息保护和公民身份证明之间达至理性平衡。     

试析敬称语的人际功能——以唐诗三百首中的“君”为例

语气、基调和情态是功能语法中人际功能的三种主要表现形式。运用功能语法的人际意义观对唐诗中人称代词"君"开展研究,发现：第二人称代词"君"存在多种语义潜势,在具体语篇中可用于彰显交际双方身份差异,也可以表达对交流对象的尊重和礼貌,是利于缩短双方心理距离,营造良好交流氛围的有效方式。敬称"君"实为古诗人偏好的实现人际意义的常用手法。