道德建设的三个层面:人性、信仰、哲学信仰

道德是对人现存性的内在超越。具有现实性的人是自然、社会、精神三重属性的统一体。人性于道德有本源意义。人的三重属性是进行低、中、高三层次道德建设的客观根据。根据人性明确道德建设的层次、内容和理由等是道德建设的第一层面。道德建设是在与人性的幽暗面作斗争。因此,仅仅靠认清人性,用以颁布道德律令是远远不够的。社会转型时期的道德建设,必须借助于既基于理性又超越理性的信仰。信仰为解决应然与实然这一道德的根本矛盾给予合理的解释和有效的担保,具有本体的价值。将信仰重构作为道德建设的奠基工程是道德建设的第二层面。凡是道德的必是信仰的,但是并非任何信仰都能成为社会主义道德建设所依助的对象。把马克思主义哲学与中国哲学的精华融为一体的哲学信仰作为社会主义道德建设的精神支柱和理论基础是道德建设的第三层面。     

怀疑意识、主体性及其他——论孙郁鲁迅研究中的哲学视角

哲学视角是孙郁的鲁迅研究中起步早、且一以贯之的一个方向，他独创性地将鲁迅与康德进行比较，认为在强调认识的有限性这一点上，二人不乏相似性。孙郁强调怀疑意识作为鲁迅思想的“内核”，并指出其在文化史上的意义。他以“主体性”思想为参照，对鲁迅思想和作品进行了深度解读，进而指出传统的“主奴文化”是形成“相互主体性”思想的障碍。概而言之，孙郁对于哲学视角的运用，并非纯粹的知识生产，具有鲜活的生命力和学术价值。      

翻译教学的人文思考

翻译教学涉及到翻译活动的各个方面。它不仅是翻译技巧和方法的传授过程,而且是人文思想、文化素质的综合培养过程。翻译过程中存在着思维方式、心理状态、文化知识、审美情趣等各种问题,始终都受到认知图式、心理机制和哲学方法等人文思想的影响。文章通过分析翻译教学中的人文因素,进一步探索翻译教学的理论     

试论邓小平的哲学创造及其地位

邓小平对马克思主义哲学作出了许多创造性的贡献 ,其中最重要的哲学创造是 :关于马克思主义原则与社会主义本质的统一论、社会改革开放论、科学技术是第一生产力论和“一国两制”的国家结构论。邓小平的哲学创造 ,对马克思主义哲学的具体化作出了很重要的贡献。     

Groups or Gatherings? Sources of Political Engagement in 19th Century American Cities

There is broad agreement that citizen participation is critical for successful democracy. Recently, scholars have linked such political participation with the notion of social capital—community-level resources, such as trust, norms, and networks, that foster collective action. Much uncertainty remains regarding the sources of social capital, however. Here we examine two different features of community life that are believed to nurture social capital, and political participation in turn: public venues where relative strangers can meet anonymously, socialize, and share information and opinions (i.e., venues for informal interaction); and venues for organized exchange between familiars, such as voluntary organizations and social clubs. Using quantitative data from America's largest cities at the end of the 19th century, we examine the relationship between both supposed sources of social capital and respective rates of voter participation. We find little support for the role of informal interaction in fostering an active and engaged citizenry. We do, however, find evidence that citizen participation was related to some types of associationalism (or organized exchange). In particular, associations that fostered high levels of mutual interdependence among members seemed the most strongly linked to higher levels of political participation.     

浅谈《孙子兵法》的哲学思想

孙子的哲学思想集中反映在《孙子兵法》十三篇中,因其注重研究军事学内容而独具特色。从世界观、认知观和方法论三个方面,对孙子的哲学思想进行分析和论述,揭示了其历史进步意义并指出了其阶级局限性。     

自由之灵与自由之道——对约翰·密尔自由观的哲学反思

在密尔那里,个性是自由的主体,自由是个性得以培育的土壤,它们不仅和文明、教化等一切东西相并列,而且自身又是其存在的必要条件.分析密尔所谓的自由和获取自由的途径,就会发现其思想的深刻性源自对哲学的反思和关照.他既强调个体的独立性,又注重社会的规范性,在功利主义的框架下试图构建个人与社会的和谐关系,因此具有很强的现实意义.     

“负的方法”与“智性直观”——对冯友兰与康德哲学方法的扩展性解读

冯友兰负的方法是其哲学体系中独具特色的部分,他认为,只有通过负的方法才能达到哲学的顶点。进而,他认为康德在其哲学中也不自觉地使用了负的方法,如物自体不可知。而在康德看来,物自体不可知,原因在于人类没有智性直观能力。冯友兰则认为,物自体虽不能通过认知方式把握,但可以通过直觉、体悟的方式来达到。我们认为,冯友兰负的方法之所以可能的原因在于中国传统哲学＂内在超越＂的品格。     

Culture‐Inclusive Theories of Self and Social Interaction: The Approach of Multiple Philosophical Paradigms

In view of the fact that culture‐inclusive psychology has been eluded or relatively ignored by mainstream psychology, the movement of indigenous psychology is destined to develop a new model of man that incorporates both causal psychology and intentional psychology as suggested by Vygotsky (1927). Following the principle of cultural psychology: “one mind, many mentalities” (Shweder et al., 1998), the Mandala Model of Self (Hwang, 2011a,b) and Face and Favor Model (Hwang, 1987, 2012) were constructed to represent the universal mechanisms of self and social interaction that can be applied to any culture; both models can be used as conceptual frameworks for analyzing mentalities of people in any given culture. Taking research works from Foundations of Chinese Psychology: Confucian Social Relation as exemplars (Hwang, 2012), this article illustrates how to construct culture‐inclusive theories of Confucianism by multiple philosophical paradigms. The mechanism of culture‐inclusive theory can be applied to explain qualitative research findings on lifeworld events of people in a particular society. It can also be utilized to predict results of quantitative research conducted to verify theoretical propositions in the scientific microworld by empirical methods.     

美国生态文学发展的哲学思考

"自然文学"与"生态文学",这两个概念虽然文字表述不同却反映相同主题,实际是属于同一范畴的同一概念。每一种文学形式的出现皆有其特定历史渊源且与社会历史发展紧密联系。生态文学(或自然文学)的发展体现的是人的全面发展,它引领着人类自觉走进"自由王国"。