‘There Oughtta Be a Law Against Bitches’: Masculinity Lessons in Police Academy Training

This article draws on participant observation in a law enforcement academy to demonstrate how a hidden curriculum encourages aspects of hegemonic masculinity among recruits. Academy training teaches female and male recruits that masculinity is an essential requirement for the practice of policing and that women do not belong. By watching and learning from instructors and each other, male students developed a form of masculinity that (1) excluded women students and exaggerated differences between them and men; and (2) denigrated women in general. Thus, the masculinity that is characteristic of police forces and is partly responsible for women’s low representation on them is not produced exclusively on the job, but is taught in police academies as a subtext of professional socialization.     

论中国近代警察制度的发展

南京国民政府时期,适应国民党独裁专制统治的需要,近代警察制度得到进一步发展。这个时期,进一步完备了从中央到地方的警察网,使之更加趋于严密;制定了大量的警察法规,逐步完善了警察的内部管理体制;警政建设多方加强,不断健全警察的社会管理职能;强化了对各类警务人员的教育训练,使整个警察队伍素质有所提高。     

法治视野下的警察刑事执法制度改革——以不规范执法制度的成因及其规制为中心

我国警察刑事执法实践中面临着诸多问题,现有刑事执法活动存在制度缺陷,如刑行交叉,缺乏独立性及严格科学的用人绩效保障机制等。改革刑侦体制、构建现代警务制度、规制违规执法,需要针对公安机关刑事执法权,建立买单制、问责制,明确责任倒查和追究的主体,变注重“事后监督”为注重“过程监督,”变注重“阶段性审查”为注重“一事一追责”。     

预防和制止家庭暴力立法应注意的几个问题

就我国如何通过立法预防和制止家庭暴力的相关问题,文章借鉴其他国家相关规定,结合我国实践,提出了＂明确规定警察的及时出警义务以及处理家庭暴力报警的程序＂、＂确立保护令制度＂、＂严格追究施虐者的法律责任＂、＂加强对施暴家庭儿童的保护＂、＂明确各级政府及相关部门的责任＂等主张。     

论市场经济条件下警察道德建设的基本对策

市场经济条件下,警察道德建设日益为人们所重视,加强警察道德建设,必须进一步把警察道德规范制度化,加强警察的道德教育和自我道德修养,为提升警察道德水平提供正当合理公正的制度安排,加强对警察道德行为的监督,加强对警察道德的法律建构等等,这样,在实践操作中,把自律和他律结合起来,形成一种合力来加强警察的道德建设,从而使警察真正做到“立警为公,执法为民”。     

公安文学中的扁形人物和圆形人物

公安文学中的人物形象由扁平人物过渡到中间人物,由中闻人物过渡到圆形人物,满足了不同读者的审美需求, 这是公安文学兴盛的标志,代表先进文化的前进方向。     

保护女性性受害者应注意的几个问题

遭受性侵害的女性,其巨大的痛苦往往不仅仅来自直接的性侵害行为所造成的身体伤害本身,而且还来自侦查和诉讼过程中对女性人格权、隐私权的第二次侵害。文章就许多媒体纷纷报道的某地警方为抓获犯罪嫌疑人而设计“二次强奸”的抓捕方案,让被害人再次受辱一案为背景,论述了刑事警察在侦破女性性受害案中应注意的几个问题：要充分认识性侵害案的严重性及其特点;树立科学、人性的侦查理念;要及时立案和安抚受害人;在侦查过程中要注意对女性性受害人的保护;加大宣传力度和提高破案技术。     

Deaths of people with serious mental disorder: An exploration of deaths in custody and fatal police contacts

People with serious mental disorders (PSMDs) are overrepresented both in prison deaths and during fatal encounters with the police in the community (deaths after police contact, DAPC). To identify common factors present across cases of who died during contact with the criminal justice system in Queensland, publicly available coroners reports were analysed (N = 38). The findings of the study indicated psychosis and mood disorders were the most common diagnosis in incarcerated PSMD deaths, and suicide was the most common cause of death for incarcerated PSMDs. Within incarcerated settings, access to healthcare records, medication compliance, risk assessment and monitoring, and safe housing of at‐risk prisoners may be potential areas to explore with regard to prevention. Similarly, PSMD DAPCs were more likely to be experiencing mood or psychosis disorders than other forms of mental disorder, and suicide and police shootings were the most common causes of death. In PSMD DAPC, inadequate mental health access, treatment noncompliance and comorbid substance use were included as potential areas that could direct research efforts toward prevention.     

Protesting the police: anti-police brutality claims as a predictor of police repression of protest

Police face a unique dilemma when policing protests that explicitly target them, such as the anti-police brutality protests that have swept the United States recently. Because extant research finds that police response to protests is largely a function of the threat – and especially the threat to police – posed by a protest, police may repress these protests more than other protests, as they may constitute a challenge to their legitimacy as a profession. Other research suggests police agencies are strongly motivated by reputational concerns, suggesting they may treat these protests with special caution to avoid further public scrutiny. Using data on over 7,000 protests events in New York over a 35-year period from 1960 to 1995, I test these competing hypotheses and find that police respond to protests making anti-police brutality claims much more aggressively than other protests, after controlling for indicators of threat and weakness used in previous studies. Police are about twice as likely to show up to anti-police brutality protests compared with otherwise similar protests making other claims and, once there, they intervene (either make arrests, use force or violence against protesters, or both) at nearly half of these protests, compared to about one in three protests making other claims.     

Walking a tightrope: reflections on police gatekeeping roles in suicide research in Ghana

Engaging non-conventional gatekeepers such as the police presents both promises and perils. Although studies have relied on police data for researching suicide and other sensitive topics in Africa, there is a paucity of literature that explores or reflects on police gatekeeping and its research implications. This paper presents authors’ reflections on police gatekeeping in a qualitative suicide study in Accra, Ghana. The main observation is that the process was double-edged. On the one hand, it led to field delays and costs, (mis)apprehensions and positionality problems, and trust building challenges. On the other hand, it vouched for research(er) credibility, provided therapeutic openings, and facilitated the viability of research with the suicide bereaved. Sensitivity to research context, sensitising the police, and reinforcing ‘therapeutic-research discourse’ with participants, are recommended means for aligning participants’ goals to research goals and for achieving therapeutic disclosures.