新能源汽车产业商业模式创新多要素联动机制研究 ———基于创新生态系统视角

基于创新生态系统理论和种群关系理论,将我国新能源汽车产业上市公司划分为不同生态位 企业种群。 运用模糊集定性比较分析法,从资源基础、企业家精神、技术创新、激励水平和环境动态性 5 个维度出发,探究不同生态位新能源汽车企业种群商业模式创新的联动机制。 研究结果表明:低生态位 企业种群存在“技术创新-激励水平”“技术创新-环境动态性”两种高水平商业模式创新联动机制;中生 态位企业种群主要通过内部资源基础和企业家精神驱动来实现商业模式创新发展;高生态位企业种群存 在“企业家精神-环境动态性”“企业家精神”“激励水平-环境动态性”三种商业模式要素联动机制。     

A Population Approach to Analysis of Variance Models

Several authors have contributed to what can now be considered a rather complete theory for analysis of variance in cases with orthogonal factors. By using this theory on an assumed basic reference population, the orthogonality concept gives a natural definition of independence between factors in the population. By looking upon the treated units in designed experiments as a formal sample from a future population about which we want to make inference, a natural parametrization of expectations and variances connected to such experiments arises. This approach seems to throw light upon several controversial questions in the theory of mixed models. Also, it gives a framework for discussing the choice of conditioning in models     

The Sandwich Generation: Dependency, Proximity, and Task Assistance Needs of Parents

This study was designed to determine the extent of sandwiched families and the impact of dependency and proximity to task assistance provided to parent(s). Data were collected in Idaho, Oregon, Utah, and Michigan from a random sample of 40–65-year-old respondents. Fifteen percent are sandwiched between needs of aging parents and financially dependent children. Respondents are much more likely to be providing assistance to mothers than fathers. Parents are most likely to live near, but not necessarily with, the respondent. Spouses and partners' parents, however, are likely to live farther away. Task assistance provided most often to aging parent(s) includes help with transportation and shopping; financial assistance was reported least often. Income of respondent and dependency and proximity of parents are significantly related to providing assistance to parents. This study offers a unique glimpse at the relationships between personal characteristics, dependency, proximity, and task assistance issues as they pertain to the sandwich generation.     

基于生态学的通讯设备制造业的技术创新种群演化分析

技术创新群是指行业内技术创新主体的集合.分析技术创新种群行为主要是研究行业内技术创新种群量的变化规律,以及行业内不同技术创新种群之间的演化关系.本文应用生态学的种群理论与分析方法,探讨了研究这一问题的方法,并进行了实例验证.     

就近半城市化与去城市两级分化

农民以家庭为单位普遍选择的就近半城市化路径中,人口迁徙具有可逆性：一是从城市回流到农村的可逆性,二是从大城市回流到中小城市的可逆性。这两种可逆性勾勒着我国城市化进程中的“去城市两极分化”机制：类贫民窟作为物理载体仍然会在城市化的过程中存在,但在可逆过程中,它并不会形成一个刚性的城市社会贫民阶层,进而这种可逆性成为城市社会两极分化结构中的弹性要素;特大城市也会产生,但在可逆的过程中,作为纯资源接受者的中小城市将获得人口集聚和经济发展的契机,从而这种可逆性也构成了城市体系两极分化结构中的弹性要素。     

易地扶贫搬迁安置社区的紧张与化解

易地扶贫搬迁安置社区的制度设计,是一种用城市生活取代传统乡土社会生活的逻辑。落实在社区治理实践之中,则常见到形式各异的紧张,主要表现为移民的日常生活与制度之间产生的对立与冲突。以“制度与生活”分析框架解释,能够发现易地扶贫搬迁安置社区治理紧张的原因、表现及正式制度推行的路径依赖。化解易地扶贫搬迁安置社区的治理紧张,一方面正式制度要以开放和包容的态度正视移民搬迁群体的正常诉求,及时进行自我变革;另一方面易地扶贫搬迁社区群众要主动接受制度的规约,尽快实现由传统生活向现代生活的转变。     

中国单身女性的困境: 多元交叉的社会压力和歧视

随着中国单身人口比例的上升,单身人群特别是单身女性群体受到了社会各个层面的关注。目前国内对单身女性的研究主要通过深度访谈来探讨单身未婚女性的身心和生活状态,缺乏系统的理论观照,且访谈样本又大都局限于大城市的中产阶层单身未婚女性,因而限制了研究成果的代表性。从交叉性理论出发,分析中国单身女性面临的宏观(儒家文化和人口调控压力)、中观(媒体的形象控制和代际压力)和微观(性别歧视、年龄歧视和单身歧视)的多元交叉压力和歧视,厘清目前单身女性所受到的压力和歧视,从不同阶层单身女性的需求出发,才能为她们提供切实有效的帮助,并有助于解决目前我国单身人口比例上升的问题,缓解人口老龄化的压力。     

实施乡村振兴战略要防止的几种倾向

乡村振兴战略是要服务于中国建设社会主义现代化强国的目标,是要为建设中国社会主义现代化强国提供稳定的农村基础。 在不同阶段,乡村振兴战略的任务是不同的,尤其是 2035 年之前和2035—2050 年的乡村振兴战略应该是差异极大的。 2035—2050 年的目标是全面乡村振兴,2035 年之前则是为乡村全面振兴打基础的阶段。 没有中国现代化的基本实现,就没有全面振兴乡村的物质基础。乡村振兴战略必须分阶段实施。 当前学界、政策部门、地方实践部门在解读乡村振兴战略时普遍误解了乡村振兴战略的实施阶段性特征,有急于求成的倾向。     

Developing Age-Friendly Cities: Case Studies From Brussels and Manchester and Implications for Policy and Practice

Developing environments responsive to the aspirations of older people has become a major concern for social and public policy. Policies and programs directed at achieving “age-friendly” communities are considered to require a wide range of interventions, including actions at the level of the social and physical environment. This article compares the age-friendly approaches of two European cities, Brussels and Manchester, with a particular focus on policies and initiatives that promote active aging in an urban context. The article examines, first, the demographic, social, and multicultural contexts of Brussels and Manchester; second, the way in which both cities became members of the World Health Organization Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities; third, similarities and differences in the age-friendly approaches and actions adopted by both cities; and fourth, opportunities and barriers to the implementation of age-friendly policies. The article concludes by discussing the key elements and resources needed to develop age-friendly cities.