中国人口老龄化对消费的影响研究

人是消费活动的主体,人口年龄结构的变化必然会对社会消费水平产生影响。进入21世纪以来,中国人口年龄结构的老化速度逐渐加快,经济社会的发展面临着越来越重的老龄化负担,与此同时,经济发展也陷入了国内消费需求不足的增长困境。因此,研究中国人口老龄化的特殊进程对消费的影响,不仅可以使我们对二者之间的相互关系有一个清晰的理论认识,同时也可以为当前的应对措施提供相应的参考和借鉴。     

关于上海推进“医养融合”的思考与建议

"医养融合"反映了"持续照料"的养老理念,包括3个相互关联的阶段:一是病前的疾病预防,二是病中的便捷就医,三是病后的康复护理。上海人口老龄化伴随着严重的高龄化趋势,对医疗卫生服务提出了更迫切的要求。国内各省市在加强医疗资源和养老资源融合发展方面,主要有4种模式,分别是合作模式(双向转诊模式)、内设模式、转化模式和输出模式。上海推进"医养融合"应建立健全相关制度、推进养老资源与医疗卫生资源的合作、支持有条件的养老机构设置医疗机构、鼓励相关养老产业发展以及加强老年医护人员队伍建设。     

完善我国人口信息管理的思考

人口管理既是国家行政制度的必要组成部分,也是其他制度有效运行的支持性制度.综观各国人口管理制度的发展变革,要从推进整体政府建设的高度来改革人口管理,要通过构建合理的机制,运用先进的手段来提高人口管理的精细化水平.一要完善与实有人口信息采集相关的法规和制度,二要建立完备的个人身份登记信息系统,三要发挥综合管理机构权威作用,四要强化流动人口的信息采集、维护和实时动态更新.     

中国少数民族人口老龄化问题研究

利用1990、2000和2010年人口普查数据,分析中国少数民族人口的老龄化问题发现,中国各少数民族人口随全国人口一起,共同进入了持续老龄化的状态,且表现为老年人口规模及其占总人口的比例增长快,75岁以上的高龄老年人增速快,老年人口规模大,老年负担系数大,老龄化族际差异大的＂两高三大＂的特征。文章认为,在未来一个相当长的时期内,少数民族人口的老龄化趋势将会持续下去,老龄化程度会进一步提高。同时,中国少数民族集聚区,经济社会发展水平低,在这一背景下步入老龄化社会,属于典型的＂未富先老＂。要解决好少数民族人口老龄化问题,首先应尽快调整人口政策,以积极的人口对策化解深度人口老龄化进程中的社会压力与经济负担;其次要转变方式,调整结构,切实加快少数民族和民族地区的经济社会发展;第三,要充分开发和利用＂银色人力资源＂,加快发展老龄事业和老龄产业;第四,以健康老龄化为中心构建全民敬老爱老社会服务机制,广泛动员和吸纳社会中介组织、志愿者与社会资源参与。     

中国少数民族人口职业结构变迁研究

利用人口普查数据,对我国少数民族在业人口的职业结构进行分析发现：第一,少数民族总体的在业人口职业分布中,除农、林、牧、渔、水利业生产人员占比远远超过总人口和汉族外,其余各职业人口比例均低于总人口和汉族人口的水平。第二,在业人口职业结构的性别差异及变化趋势说明女性地位在1990～2010年间的逐步提高。第三,从脑力劳动和体力劳动的比例看,少数民族脑力劳动占比低,体力劳动占比超过90％,农村体力劳动占比接近70％。第四,各少数民族在业人口职业结构的多样化程度有所提高。第五,各少数民族间职业结构的族际差异显著。第六,城镇化水平及人口受教育程度是决定在业人口职业结构的主要因素。根据以上分析,我们认为近十年来,少数民族的社会排斥程度在上升。这种上升已经或正在引起一些社会问题,甚至是政治稳定问题,应引起高度关注。为此,首先要进一步加强对少数民族教育的支持力度。其次,在公务员招考中,应提高少数民族的比例,使得其与人口比例相称。第三,规定在少数民族地区的项目中,规定招收少数民族工人的比例,并对超过比例的给予鼓励。     

A Study on the Change in Occupational Structure of China’ s Ethnic Minorities

The occupational structure of the employed population and its changes reflect the level of economic development and the change of social status of a population group .Based on cen-sus data , this paper analyzes the occupational structure of the employed population of China ＇ s ethnic minorities.It shows that： 1 ） Among the employed population of the eth-nic minorities （ excepting those people who are en-gaged in forestry , animal husbandry and fishery , etc., a proportion which is higher than the overall population or the Han ） , the proportion is lower than in either the overall population or the Han population . 2 ） The gender differences and directional change of the occupational structure of the em-ployed population indicates that the status of women was gradually promoted during the period 1990 to 2010. 3） Seen from the proportion of those engaged in mental labor versus physical labor;the proportion ethnic minorities engaged in mental labor is low . 4） The degree of diversity in the occupational structure of the ethnic minorities has made some improvement. 5 ） The ethnic differences in occupational structure are obvious . 6） The urbanization level and the educational level of the population are the key factors which determine the occupational structure of the em-ployed population . From this study , we feel that the degree of so-cial exclusion of the ethnic minorities has gone up during the past ten years .This ＂going up＂ has lead or is leading to social problems .Hence, it is necessary to pay high attention to this issue .Re-garding this, the author thinks that , firstly, sup-port to ethnic minority education should be en-hanced;secondly , the proportion of ethnic minori-ty people in civil servant recruitment should be im-proved;thirdly, the proportion of the employment of ethnic minority workers in projects in ethnic mi-nority regions should be stipulated .     

进城农民工市民化:现状、进展与改革建议

本文首先利用2001、2005和2010年"中国城市劳动力调查"数据,描述进城农民工在就业、社会保障和居住等方面与城市本地居民的差距及其变化趋势;然后从政策法规方面,阐述进城农民工市民化的主要进展;最后,从户籍制度、子女教育、住房保障和人力资本提升等方面,提出进一步推动进城农民工市民化的政策建议。     

中国农民工社会融合的困境及出路研究

中国农民工社会融合有自己独特的国情,因此研究中国农民工社会融合要把握中国的实情。中国已经具备社会融合的条件,社会融合也已成为广泛共识。但流动人口社会融合中遭遇到二元社会的整体性排斥,自下而上的社会融合之路不通,社会融合必然要求自上而下地推动。这要求政府首先解决"公平悖论",从体制上为社会融合疏通障碍。此外,社会融合受制于诸多因素,其中经济因素是基础,政治因素是保障,社会因素反映融合广度,心理(文化)因素反映融合深度。只有全方位推进社会融合,和谐社会才指日可待。     

Gender Asymmetry in Educational and Income Assortative Marriage

The reversal of the gender gap in education has reshaped the U.S. marriage market. Drawing on data from the 1980 U.S. Census and the 2008–2012 American Community Surveys, the author used log‐linear models to examine gender asymmetry in educational and income assortative mating among newlyweds. Between 1980 and 2008–2012, educational assortative mating reversed from a tendency for women to marry up to a tendency for women to marry down in education, whereas the tendency for women to marry men with higher incomes than themselves persisted. Moreover, in both time periods, the tendency for women to marry up in income was generally greater among couples in which the wife's education level equaled or surpassed that of the husband than among couples in which the wife was less educated than the husband. The author discusses the implications of the rising female advantage in education for gender change in heterosexual marriages.     

Coping strategies used by LGB older adults in facing and anticipating health challenges: A narrative analysis

ABSTRACT

Given that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) older adults face notable health disparities compared to their heterosexual counterparts, there is a need for understanding how LGB adults cope with health challenges in late life. The current study analyzes narratives from nine LGB adults age 65 and older living in an urban area in the Southeast United States. Participants spoke of coping strategies related to health promotion behaviors, shifting perspectives of health and body, trusting in spirituality for comfort, and accepting the end of life. We discuss implications for social services professionals who work with older LGB adults and for future research.