The Political Role of Service Delivery in State‐Building: Exploring the Relevance of European History for Developing Countries

Concerns about failed and fragile states have put state‐ and nation‐building firmly on the academic and policy agenda, but the crucial role of public services in this process has remained underexplored. The 1960s and ‘70s generated a substantial set of literature that is largely missing from current writing. It identified state penetration, standardisation and accommodation as key processes in the state‐ and nation‐building sequence. This article analyses these three processes in Western Europe in the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, and the role of public services therein, to explore how they may help us to understand the success and failure of state‐ and nation‐building in developing countries and fragile states.     

大连软件服务外包产业发展的现状、优势与建议

针对大连逐渐成为承接国际服务外包产业转移的重要基地的现状,指出大连具有发展软件外包的区位优势、人才优势、产业优势及政策优势,探讨大连目前发展软件外包产业存在的问题,提出提高大连本土企业竞争力、加强人才培养、改善投资软环境和提供政策支持等进一步发展大连软件外包的建议.     

Participation and Emotions: Troubling Encounters Between Children and Social Welfare Professionals

This paper explores the emotional aspects of participation within social welfare contexts. The focus is on individual professionals, such as social workers and children’s rights workers and their articulation, management and negotiation of the emotional when working with children and young people. The institutions of welfare are also shown to be ambiguous in their approaches to participation. Lastly, the dimensions of power that are enacted in relations between professionals and children reveal some of the complex dynamics in this fraught area of social welfare policy and practice.     

Transitional Youth Services: Practice Implications from a Systematic Review

Independent living programs have emerged as the primary intervention to address the needs of foster youth transitioning out of care. Prior reviews of independent living programs have focused on implications for research and policy, but not on direct practice. In order to create effective independent living programs, direct service workers must be provided with concrete practice guidelines for providing effective independent living services. This article summarizes 19 studies on independent living and provides evidence-based implications for each in an effort to begin to fill the gap between research, policy and practice.     

新型农村合作医疗研究综述

我国学界对新型农村合作医疗(以下简称新农合)的研究集中在其应遵循的原则、筹资标准、保障范围和补偿水平、基金管理和监督、医药费用控制等方面.由于我国新农合尚处于试点阶段,许多研究有待进一步探索和加强,具体体现在三个方面:经济不发达地区合作医疗组织和运转费用的解决办法、合作医疗的成本分析和控制、农村合作医疗向全国统一的医疗保障的过渡.     

浅谈网络环境下高校图书馆的读者服务

随着信息技术的发展 ,图书馆的形态发生了变化 ,其馆藏的载体形式、服务方式、服务内容、管理模式和用户的信息需求也发生了深刻的变化 ,图书馆读者服务工作也相应的发生了变化。本文主要阐述了网络环境下高校图书馆的读者服务工作的特点、内容及方法和对策。     

Employee attitudes to work-based counselling services

Work-based counselling services have increasingly been introduced in organizational settings in the 1980s and 1990s. In this paper, a study is reported of the attitudes of 213 employees of a UK Health Authority towards an existing counselling service. Questionnaires sought information about attitudes to counselling, confidentiality, attitudes to those seeking counselling and general health. The results suggested that attitudes to work-based counselling services are predicted by employees' perceptions of those seeking counselling as trustworthy and their beliefs about the confidentiality of the service. The practical implications of these results are examined.     

Social workers, parents and stigma

This paper draws on an empirical study of stigma and child welfare services in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Spain. It focuses exclusively on the findings relating to the United Kingdom and shows how stigma continues to be a part of the experience of using and delivering child welfare services, despite the positive determination of policies that this should not be so. More optimistically, however, it is also evident that the experience of stigma and exclusion can be reduced, and the paper concludes by outlining the implications for policy and practice together with those factors which would appear to be most significant in combating stigma.     

银行业务电子化风险及其防范问题的思考

科学技术的进步将人类社会带入信息时代,信息化成为社会发展的必然趋势。银行业是现代经济运转的中 心,银行业务电子化是其发展的必然趋势。在银行业务电子化的进程中,不可避免地存在着一定程度的风险,因此 风险的预防与控制成为银行业得以顺利发展的有力保障。     

‘Belonging’ and ‘Otherness’: Sex Equality in Banking in Turkey and Britain

The struggle for sex equality at work has largely been achieved in the developed world, it is claimed. The number of well‐qualified young women entering white‐collar employment and achieving promotion to first‐line and middle management positions now matches or exceeds their male peers. Many young women have high career aspirations and argue that sex discrimination no longer exists. However, this perception is over‐optimistic. Major sex inequalities persist at senior management level in the salaries and benefits offered to female and male staff and in access to certain favoured occupations and sectors of employment. Questionnaires, interviews and documentary evidence from three Turkish and six British banks and high street financial organizations showed that their claimed commitment to equal opportunities by sex was not matched by their practices. Members of managerial elites (who were almost exclusively male) held firm views about the characteristics of ‘the ideal worker’, which informed organizational ideologies, including human resource policies and practices concerning recruitment and promotion. They also permeated organizational cultures, which affected employees’ working practices and experiences. The outcome of these internal negotiation processes was to differentiate between a favoured group of staff seen as fully committed to the companies’ values, who were promoted and rewarded, and an ‘out’ group, whose members were denied these privileges. This distinction between ‘belonging’ and ‘otherness’ is gendered not only along the traditional lines of class, age, sexual orientation, religion and physical ability, but also along the new dimensions of marriage, networking, safety, mobility and space. Despite local and cross‐cultural differences in the significance of these factors, the cumulative disadvantage suffered by women staff seeking career development in the industry was remarkably similar.